Table 1.

Overview of characteristic of heparin derived from different sources.

Source	aXa Activity (IU/mg)	aPTT Activity	Average Mol. Weight (kDa)	S/C Ratio	Yield (mg/kg)	Refs
Porcine	148–219	168–277	15.0–19.0 a	2.31–2.57	160–260	[15,16,18,22]
Bovine b	123–156	103–181	16.2–16.5	2.29–2.40	n.d.	[16,18,19]
Ovine	142	150	22.9	3.66	n.d.	[16]
Dromedary	50–60	n.d.	24.0	2.0	400	[21]
Chicken	111	133	n.d.	2.26	n.d.	[18]
Turkey	16.6	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	300	[23]
Salmon	110–137	n.d.	<8.0 c	2.20	n.d.	[24]
Shrimp	95–100	n.d.	8.5	n.d.	32	[25]
Clam	317	347	14.9	n.d.	2100	[26]

^a Pharmacopoeial specification; ^b intestinal mucosa; ^c 96% was ≤8.0 Da.