Table 2.
The different metabolites between V. minor and C. roseus.
| KEGG (p-Value) | Different Metabolites | Vip | Change Fold (V. minor/C. roseus) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Galactose metabolism (4.74 × 10−4) | Raffinose # | 1.06 | —— | ** —— |
| Myo-inositol ## | 1.24 | 0.13 | ** 0.005 | |
| Galactinol # | 1.42 | 0.19 | ** 9.7 × 10−6 | |
| Fructose # | 1.28 | 0.03 | ** 0.004 | |
| Glucose # | 1.10 | 0.18 | * 0.020 | |
| TCA cycle (7.31 × 10−4) | Fumaric acid ### | 1.28 | 0.09 | ** 0.004 |
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid ### | 1.38 | 0.02 | ** 0.0009 | |
| Pyruvic acid ### | 1.47 | 0.09 | ** 3.3 × 10−7 | |
| Starch and sucrose metabolism (1.02 × 10−3) | Trehalose # | 1.06 | 77.64 | * 0.029 |
| Cellobiose # | 1.09 | —— | ** —— | |
| Fructose | ||||
| Glucose | ||||
| Oligosaccharides, polyol and lipid transporter (3.45 × 10−2) | Raffinose | |||
| Mannitol ## | 1.25 | 0.13 | ** 0.004 | |
| Trehalose | ||||
| Cellobiose | ||||
| Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids (1.70 × 10−3) | alpha-ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Salicin # | 1.10 | 5.26 | * 0.018 | |
| Gallic acid ### | 1.01 | 3.02 | * 0.019 | |
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids (1.17 × 10−2) | Fumaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| alpha-ketoglutaric acid | ||||
| Loganin # | 1.48 | 18.19 | ** 3.4 × 10−5 | |
| Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (6.24 × 10−4) | alpha-ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Glycolic acid ### | 1.49 | 0.05 | ** 1.2 × 10−8 | |
| Cyanoamino acid metabolism (4.74 × 10−4) | Tartaric acid ### | 1.08 | 6.19 | * 0.023 |
| Glutamic acid #### | 1.30 | 0.08 | ** 0.003 | |
| 4-Hydroxymandelonitrile | 1.26 | 4.87 | ** 0.004 | |
| Serine #### | 1.12 | 52.77 | * 0.022 | |
| Tyrosine #### | 1.14 | 0.18 | * 0.012 | |
| Butanoate metabolism (3.63 × 10−2) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| α-Ketoglutaric acid | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Maleic acid ### | 1.02 | 0.21 | * 0.017 | |
| Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway (9.31 × 10−3) | Tyrosine | |||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| α-Ketoglutaric acid | ||||
| Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from terpenoid and polyketide (9.31 × 10−3) | α-Ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Pentose phosphate pathway (2.95 × 10−3) | Glucose | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Gluconic lactone # | 1.11 | 0.16 | ** 0.0076 | |
| Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis (2.69 × 10−3) | Salicin # | |||
| Glucose | ||||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| C5-Branched dibasic acid metabolism (2.95 × 10−3) | Itaconic acid ### | 1.00 | 5.45 | * 0.02 |
| α-Ketoglutaric acid | ||||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (8.78 × 10−3) | α-Ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Myo-inositol | ||||
| Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from histidine and purine (3.82 × 10−3) | α-Ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Biosynthesis of plant hormones (2.38 × 10−2) | α-Ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Phenylalanine metabolism(8.27 × 10−3) | Tyrosine | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism (7.31 × 10−3) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Maleic acid ### | ||||
| Tyrosine metabolism(3.18 × 10−2) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Tyrosine | ||||
| Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism (9.85 × 10−3) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| L-Allothreonine #### | 1.46 | 0.01 | ** 7.9 × 10−5 | |
| Serine #### | 1.12 | 52.77 | * 0.022 | |
| Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine, lysine and nicotinic acid (2.29 × 10−2) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| α-Ketoglutaric acid | ||||
| Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (1.26 × 10−3) | α-Ketoglutaric acid | |||
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Oxidative phosphorylation(9.13 × 10−3) | Phosphate | 1.33 | 0.07 | ** 0.002 |
| Fumaric acid | ||||
| Thiamine metabolism(2.34 × 10−2) | Pyruvic acid | |||
| Tyrosine | ||||
| Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis (2.51 × 10−2) | Quinic acid ### | 1.17 | 3.28 | ** 0.004 |
| Tyrosine | ||||
| Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism (1.41 × 10−2) | 2-Aminoethanethiol | 1.14 | 0.19 | * 0.010 |
| Pyruvic acid | ||||
| Others | Tagatose # | 1.30 | 0.05 | ** 0.003 |
| Levoglucosan # | 1.23 | 11.66 | ** 0.006 | |
| Erythrose # | 1.13 | 0.44 | ** 0.006 | |
| Lyxose # | 1.13 | 3.02 | ** 0.005 | |
| Ribose # | 1.34 | 0.13 | ** 0.0002 | |
| d-Talose# | 1.19 | 0.03 | * 0.011 | |
| 3,6-Anhydro-d-galactose # | 1.29 | 0.24 | ** 0.0005 | |
| Naringin # | 1.08 | 0.35 | ** 0.0098 | |
| Glucoheptonic acid ### | 1.20 | 130715.28 | ** 0.0096 | |
| Gluconic acid ### | 1.17 | 15.46 | * 0.013 | |
| Chlorogenic Acid ### | 1.35 | 0.21 | ** 0.0002 | |
| Threonic acid ### | 1.16 | 21.18 | * 0.014 | |
| d-Glyceric acid ### | 1.15 | 4.95 | * 0.012 | |
| Galactonic acid ### | 1.02 | 19.60 | * 0.040 | |
| Aminooxyacetic acid ### | 1.29 | 4.30 | ** 0.0004 | |
| Digalacturonic acid ### | 1.11 | 101.91 | * 0.023 | |
| 3-Aminoisobutyric acid ### | 1.29 | 32.74 | ** 0.005 | |
| Dodecanol ## | 1.16 | 0.46 | ** 0.004 | |
| Lactitol ## | 1.13 | 6.12 | * 0.016 | |
| Threitol ## | 1.07 | 7.92 | * 0.025 | |
| 3-Methylamino-1,2-propanediol ## | 1.04 | 0.06 | * 0.029 | |
| 1,5-Anhydroglucitol ## | 1.21 | 198.25 | ** 0.009 | |
| Phytol ## | 1.13 | 0.06 | * 0.015 | |
| 2-Amino-1-phenylethanol ## | 1.10 | 0.16 | * 0.018 | |
| Threonine #### | 1.31 | 5.26 | ** 0.0004 | |
| Aspartic acid #### | 1.44 | 0.11 | ** 8.6 × 10−5 | |
| Ornithine #### | 1.25 | 0.23 | ** 0.001 | |
| Valine #### | 1.19 | 0.18 | ** 0.003 | |
| 2-Kydroxypyridine | 1.41 | 0.11 | ** 1.4 × 10−5 | |
| Octanal | 1.05 | —— | ** —— | |
| 2-aminoethanethiol | 1.14 | 0.19 | * 0.010 | |
| Gluconic lactone | 1.11 | 0.16 | ** 0.0076 | |
| Glutamine | 1.08 | 0.01 | * 0.024 |
VIP, variable importance in the projection; Significant * p < 0.05, Extremely significant ** p < 0.01, sugars were represented by #, alcohol were represented by ##, acids were represented by ###, amino acids were represented by ####.