Flavonoids
|
Apigenin |
C48H80O17
|
Stem bark |
- |
[14,15] |
Diosmetin |
C16H12O6
|
Whole plant/leaves/twigs |
Chromatography/HPTLC/NMR |
[14,15] |
Luteolin |
C16H12O6
|
Whole plant/leaves/twigs |
Chromatography/HPTLC/NMR |
[14,15] |
Rutin |
C27H30O16
|
Leaves |
HPLC/HPLC |
[27,43,46,47] |
Quercetin |
C15H10O7
|
Whole plant |
TLC/HPTLC |
[36,44] |
Iso-quercetin |
C21H20O12
|
Whole plant |
TLC/HPTLC |
[12,29] |
4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- |
C6H8O4
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
2H-Pyran, 6-heptyltetrahydro-2,2-dimethoxy- |
C14H28O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Phenolic compound |
p-coumaric acid |
C9H8O3
|
Whole plant/leaves |
HPLC |
[29,40,43,44] |
Terpenes/Terpenoids |
α-amyrin |
C30H50O |
Whole plant/leaves/twigs |
Chromatography/HPTLC/IR |
[13,15,28,47] |
β-amyrin |
C30H50O |
Whole plant/leaves/twigs |
Chromatography/HPTLC/IR |
[11,25,27,44] |
Lupeol |
C30H50O |
Whole plant/roots |
HPTLC/NMR |
[42,48] |
Simiarenol |
C30H50O |
Whole plant |
- |
[14] |
Phytol |
C20H40
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Esters |
Benzene carboxylic acid |
C7H6O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Ethyl hydrogen succinate |
C6H10O4
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester |
C18H36O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
4-Oxazolecarboxylic acid, 4,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-, 1-methylethyl ester |
C13H15NO3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl Ester |
C20H36O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
9-Octadecenoic acid, ethylester |
C20H38O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Fatty acids
|
|
|
|
|
Dodecanoic acid |
C12H24O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
n-Hexadecanoic acid |
C16H32O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
3-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid |
C8H8O4
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
6-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)- |
C18H34O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Pentadecanoic acid |
C15H30O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Tetradecanoic acid |
C14H28O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Pregnane glycosides |
|
|
|
|
Deniculatin |
C34H56O11
|
Aerial parts |
NMR/FAB/EI-MS |
[45] |
Leptaculatin |
C40H66O16
|
Aerial parts |
NMR/FAB/EI-MS |
[14,15] |
Reticulin |
C34H56O11
|
Aerial parts |
NMR/FAB/EI-MS |
[15,16,29] |
Steroids |
|
|
|
|
β-sitosterol |
C29H50O |
Whole plant/leaves/twigs |
TLC/HPTLC |
[14,15,44,46] |
Stigmasterol |
C29H48O |
Whole plant/leaves/twigs/roots |
Chromatography/HPTLC/IR |
[12,14,15,25,29,44,46] |
Others (Carbohydrates, carboxylic acid, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes etc.) |
Benzaldehyde, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy- |
C8H8O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
2(4H)-Benzofuranone, 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,4,7a-trimethyl- |
C11H16O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[50] |
Glycerin |
C3H8O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
3′,5′-Dimethoxyacetophenone |
C10H12O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Hentricontanol |
C31H64O |
Leaves/twigs |
Chromatography/HPTLC/NMR |
[14,15] |
Methyl 6-deoxy-2-O-methyl- |
C8H16O5
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol |
C9H10O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Meso-inositol |
C6H12O6
|
Whole plant |
- |
[12] |
Z-2-Octadecen-1-ol |
C18H36O |
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
1-Penten-4-one, 2-acetyl-1-dimethylamino- ((Z)- or (E)-) |
C9H15NO2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- |
C8H10O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- |
C11H14O3
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- |
C14H22O |
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
2-Propanone, 1-(ethylthio)- |
C5H10O |
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
α-tocopherol |
C29H50O2
|
Roots/stems/leaves |
HPTLC |
[12,13,25,44,46] |
2,6,8-Trimethylbicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-1,8-diol |
C11H18O2
|
Whole plant |
GC-MS |
[49] |
n-triacontane |
C30H62
|
Whole plant |
HPTLC |
[45] |