Table 3. Results of gamma-log GLMs for cost outcomes evaluated from the hospital perspective: Total, ambulatory, and ED costs.

	Total monthly hospital costs				Monthly ambulatory costs				Monthly ED costs
	RR	Std. Err.	95% CI	P value	RR	Std. Err.	95% CI	P value	RR	Std. Err.	95% CI	P value
Group (ref = CM group)	0.86	0.17	0.59–1.27	0.45	0.94	0.19	0.63–1.39	0.75	0.84	0.12	0.63–1.13	0.26
Dying during follow-up (ref. = alive at the end of follow-up)	3.69***	1.30	1.85–7.35	<0.001	1.08	0.35	0.57–2.06	0.81	2.33**	0.66	1.34–4.07	<0.003
Age	1.02***	0.00	1.01–1.04	<0.001	1.01	0.00	1.00–1.02	0.23	1.02***	0.00	1.01–1.03	<0.001
Swiss citizenship (ref. = no Swiss citizenship)	1.73*	0.37	1.13–2.64	0.01	1.31	0.26	0.89–1.93	0.18	1.81***	0.30	1.31–2.51	<0.001
Male gender	0.83	0.16	0.57–1.21	0.33	0.91	0.15	0.65–1.27	0.58	0.73*	0.11	0.55–0.99	0.04
Social difficulty	1.44	0.29	0.97–2.15	0.07	1.58*	0.30	1.09–2.29	0.02	1.69***	0.27	1.24–2.31	<0.001
Somatic condition	0.85	0.20	0.54–1.36	0.51	0.88	0.22	0.54–1.46	0.63	1.2	0.20	0.85–1.69	0.3
Mental health problem	1.45	0.28	0.99–2.11	0.06	1.47*	0.27	1.03–2.11	0.03	1.12	0.16	0.83–1.51	0.45
Risky behavior	0.72	0.16	0.46–1.12	0.14	0.66	0.15	0.43–1.02	0.06	0.88	0.15	0.62–1.24	0.46
Not having primary care physician	1.09	0.31	0.61–1.93	0.78	1.23	0.38	0.67–2.28	0.51	1.04	0.25	0.65–1.68	0.86
	AIC = 18		BIC = −819.049		AIC = 15.12		BIC = −938.90		AIC = 13.51		BIC = −1069.22
Observations	250				250				250

Notes: The 3 main outcomes of hospital costs were analyzed. RR: relative risk (exponentiated coefficients); Std. Err.: standard error; CI: confidence interval;

AIC: Akaike information criterion; BIC: Bayesian information criterion.

* p < 0.05.

** p < 0.01.

*** p < 0.001