Table I.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of 113 Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorder in the Study Cohort
| Characteristic | Distribution* |
|---|---|
| Age | 28.3 ± 4.4 |
| Race | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 91 (80.5) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 11 (9.7) |
| Hispanic | 11 (9.7) |
| Years of education | 12.0 ± 1.7 |
| Employment income | 30 (26.5) |
| Income from illegal activity | 21 (18.6) |
| Income from social assistance | 69 (61.1) |
| Trimester of cohort enrollment | |
| 1st | 48 (42.5) |
| 2nd | 45 (39.8) |
| 3rd | 20 (17.7) |
| Married | 10 (8.9) |
| Ever incarcerated | 58 (51.3) |
| Parole, charges pending or incarcerated 30 days prior to enrollment | 33 (29.2) |
| Generally had unstable housing past 3 years | 17 (15.0) |
| Gravida‡ | |
| 1 | 22 (19.5) |
| 2–3 | 49 (43.4) |
| ≥ 4 | 42 (37.2) |
| Parity | |
| 0 | 43 (38.1) |
| 1 | 33 (29.2) |
| 2–3 | 34 (30.1) |
| ≥ 4 | 3 (2.7) |
| Singleton pregnancy | 108 (95.6) |
| Hepatitis C infected | 80 (70.8) |
| Ever been sexually abused | 64 (56.6) |
| Ever been physically abused | 74 (65.5) |
| Initial prenatal opioid agonist therapy | |
| Buprenorphine | 59 (52.2%) |
| Methadone | 54 (47.8%) |
| Psychotropic medications | |
| Any | 56 (49.6) |
| SSRI | 23 (20.4) |
| Benzodiazepines | 27 (23.9) |
| Anticonvulsant | 265 (23.0) |
| Other | 33 (29.2) |
ASI: Addiction Severity Index, ER: emergency room, SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
*
Number and proportion or mean ± standard deviation
‡
Includes current pregnancy