Table 1b.
Studies of Intrathymic (IT) Injection (2000–2017)
| STUDY | INJECTION | IS | ALLOGRAFT | OUTCOME | CONTOL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garrovillo & Oluwole 1999 Ali & Hardy 2000 |
IT & IV host immature DCs primed with donor immunodominant MHC I Allopeptide | ALS day −7 & 0 | Cardiac in rats Islets in diabetic rats |
Tolerance Acceptance of 2nd set allografts |
Rejection of 3rd party allografts abrogated by thymectomy |
| Yamada & Sachs 2003 | Composite thymo/kidneys in mini swine | Tacrolimus 28 days | Kidney with thymus under the capsule | Prolonged survival | Kidney alone or with Thymocyte injection |
| Nabori & Yamada 2006 | Donor Heart and donor vascularized thymus (VTA) in mini swine | Tacrolimus 28 days | Heart Transplant | Prolonged survival | Heart alone Thymocyte infusion |
| Ezzelarab & Thomson 2013 | Reg DCs (donor) infusion day −7 in NHP (Rhesus) | CTLA4Ig, Rapamycin taper | Kidney allograft | Prolonged survival | No reg DCs |
| Leventhal & Ildstad 2015 | Facilitating cell (FC) (donor precursor cells- plasmacytoid dendritic cells) infusion, Human Recipient (Mismatch) | Day-4 to 0 Fludarabine, Cytoxan; SOC Tacrolimus and Myfortic |
Mismatched living donor kidney | Prolonged survival in 18 patients off immuno-suppression with biopsies negative for rejection | In vitro studies strongly suggestive of donor-specific tolerance |
| Ezzelarab & Thomson 2017 | Reg DCs (recipient) pulsed with donor antigen day −7 in NHP (Rhesus) | CTLA4Ig Rapamycin taper | Kidney allograft | Prolonged survival (mild and not significant) | No reg DCs |