Table 3.

Unadjusted and adjusted hospitalization costs based on VAD Utilization

	Era 1 (2002 – 2006) N=649 (22.4%)		Era 2 (2007 – 2011) N=1028 (35.5%)		Era 3 (2012 – 2016) N=1219 (42.1%)		p-value*
							Overall	Era 1 vs. Era 2	Era 2 vs. Era 3
Unadjusted costs
No VAD	$661,353	($566,546– $772,024)	$663,489	($572,798– $768,540)	$596,058	($517,596– $686,415)	0.056	0.953	0.029
With VAD	$986,549	($723,476– $1,345,283)	$1,096,136	($917,845– $1,309,061)	$917,043	($788,634– $1,066,360)	0.197	0.533	0.072
Adjusted costs
No VAD	$721,882	($471,513– $1,105,194	$721,813	($470,717– $1,106,853	$612,681	($399,713– $939,119)	0.002	0.999	< 0.001
With VAD	$1,273,933	($542,009– $2,994,241)	$1,176,332	($512,326– $2,700,933)	$975,842	($425,680– $2,237,049)	0.108	0.672	0.068

^*p-values from generalized linear mixed models

Cost expressed as least squares mean (Lower and Upper 95% confidence interval), inflated to 2016 dollars