Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Patient population | No. of patients | Study |
|---|---|---|
| Chronic low back pain | 1609 | Barker et al.,27 Kovacs et al.,44 van Hooff et al.63 |
| Spine (operative) | 936 | Abbott et al.,25 Johansson et al.,41,42 Louw et al.,47,48 Monticone et al.,51 Ostelo et al.,52 Rolving et al.,57 Wibault et al.67,68 |
| Neuropathic pain | 789 | Bostick et al.29 |
| Total knee arthroplasty | 618 | Edwards et al.,11 Forsythe et al.,38 Hand et al.,39 Hirakawa et al.,40 Høvik et al.,5 Lluch et al.,46 Riddle et al.,56 Trost et al.,62 Wade et al.66 |
| Knee osteoarthritis | 358 | Broderick et al.,30 Therrien et al.60 |
| Herniorrhaphy | 275 | Powell et al.56,57 |
| Trauma | 184 | Vranceanu et al.66,67 |
| Cancer | 167 | Baudic et al.,28 Darnall et al.,33 Miyazaki et al.50 |
| Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction | 148 | Chmielewski et al.,31,32 Tichonova et al.61 |
| Cardiac surgery | 116 | Khan et al.,6 Martorella et al.49 |
| Other surgical | 106 | Peters,53 Wideman et al.69 |
| Lateral epicondylitis | 91 | Lee et al.45 |
| Total hip arthroplasty | 90 | Farooq et al.37 |
| Chronic pain | 67 | Alappattu,24 Day et al.,35 Eyer et al.,36 Tetsunaga et al.59 |
| Noncardiac surgery | 44 | Clarke et al.33 |