Table 1.
Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of the Patients Diagnosed with Endocarditis Between 1997 and 2014
| All periods | 1997–1999 | 2000–2004 | 2005–2009 | 2010–2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 34,399 (100%) | 4239 (12.32%) | 7975 (23.18%) | 10,074 (29.28%) | 12,111 (35.20%) |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 23,045 (66.99%) | 2943 (69.42%) | 5345 (67.02%) | 6656 (66.07%) | 8101 (66.88%) |
| Female | 11,353 (33.00%) | 1296 (30.57%) | 2629 (32.96) | 3418 (33.92%) | 4010 (33.11%) |
| Unknown | 1 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (0.01%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) |
| Age (years) | 61.83 ± 18.44 | 53.10 ± 19.96 | 59.24 ± 18.43 | 62.37 ± 17.91 | 66.13 ± 16.90 |
| Comorbid condition | |||||
| Ischemic heart disease | 1625 (4.72%) | 117 (2.70%) | 390 (4.89%) | 549 (5.44%) | 569 (4.69%) |
| Heart failure | 8571 (24.92%) | 693 (16.34%) | 1737 (21.78%) | 2520 (25.01%) | 3621 (29.89%) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1694 (4.92%) | 91 (2.15%) | 343 (4.31%) | 513 (5.09%) | 747 (6.17%) |
| Stroke | 1412 (4.10%) | 145 (3.42%) | 348 (4.36%) | 366 (3.63%) | 553 (4.56%) |
| Chronic lung disease | 4798 (13.95%) | 318 (7.50%) | 906 (11.36%) | 1496 (14.85%) | 2078 (17.16%) |
| Rheumatic disease | 554 (1.61%) | 35 (0.82%) | 105 (1.32%) | 195 (1.93%) | 219 (1.80%) |
| Mild liver disease | 1522 (4.42%) | 131 (0.32%) | 301 (3.77%) | 488 (4.84%) | 602 (4.97%) |
| Moderate-to-severe liver disease | 844 (2.45%) | 71 (1.67%) | 166 (2.08%) | 256 (2.54%) | 351 (2.89%) |
| Mild-to-moderate mellitus diabetes | 4685 (13.62%) | 302 (7.12%) | 924 (11.58%) | 1493 (14.82%) | 1966 (16.23%) |
| DM with chronic complications | 1227 (3.56%) | 59 (1.39%) | 212 (2.66%) | 378 (3.75%) | 578 (4.77%) |
| Chronic renal disease | 1901 (5.53%) | 286 (6.75%) | 642 (8.05%) | 702 (6.97%) | 271 (2.24%) |
| Hemiplegia | 608 (1.76%) | 55 (1.29%) | 124 (1.55%) | 138 (1.37%) | 291 (2.41%) |
| Dementia | 463 (1.34%) | 33 (0.78%) | 110 (1.38%) | 124 (1.23%) | 196 (1.62%) |
| Charlson Index | 1.12 ± 1.37 | 0.71 ± 1.09 | 1.04 ± 1.34 | 1.18 ± 1.39 | 1.27 ± 1.42 |
| Acute organ dysfunction | |||||
| Cardiovascular | 577 (1.67%) | 54 (1.27%) | 114 (1.43%) | 169 (1.67%) | 240 (1.98%) |
| Hematologic | 1512 (4.39%) | 125 (2.95%) | 306 (3.84%) | 452 (4.48%) | 629 (5.19%) |
| Hepatic | 637 (1.85%) | 40 (1.06%) | 105 (1.32%) | 188 (1.86%) | 304 (2.51%) |
| Neurologic | 453 (1.31%) | 43 (1.01%) | 113 (1.41%) | 123 (1.22%) | 174 (1.44%) |
| Renal | 6123 (17.80%) | 378 (8.92%) | 1081 (13.55%) | 1851 (18.37%) | 2813 (23.22%) |
| Respiratory | 584 (1.69%) | 47 (1.11%) | 122 (1.53%) | 213 (2.11%) | 202 (1.67%) |
| Metabolic | 487 (1.41%) | 18 (0.42%) | 63 (0.79%) | 134 (1.33%) | 272 (2.24%) |
| Heart valve surgery | 5414 (15.74%) | 515 (12.14%) | 1190 (14.92%) | 1658 (16.46%) | 2051 (16.93%) |
| Sepsis | 4350 (12.64%) | 326 (7.69%) | 910 (11.41%) | 1391 (13.80%) | 1723 (14.23%) |
| Microorganism isolated | |||||
| Gram + | 2651 (7.71%) | 206 (4.86%) | 627 (7.86%) | 881 (8.74%) | 937 (7.73%) |
| Gram − | 1766 (5.13%) | 123 (2.90%) | 297 (3.72%) | 528 (5.24%) | 818 (6.75%) |
| Anaerobes | 27 (0.08%) | 2 (0.05%) | 5 (0.06%) | 7 (0.07%) | 13 (0.11%) |
| Fungi | 195 (0.56%) | 19 (0.45%) | 47 (0.59%) | 54 (0.54%) | 75 (0.62%) |
| Emergency admission | 28,306 (82.29%) | 3549 (83.72%) | 6571 (82.39%) | 8274 (82.13%) | 9912 (81.84%) |
| Re-admission | 6355 (18.47%) | 671 (15.83%) | 1342 (16.83%) | 1854 (18.40%) | 2488 (20.54%) |
Values were expressed as absolute numbers (percentage) and means (standard deviation)
DM diabetes mellitus