Table 1.

Factors Considered as Potential Predictors at the Derivation Site

Demographics

Age

Gender

Race/ethnicity

Medicaid coverage

Substance/tobacco use/abuse

Alcohol abuse

Drug abuse

Substance abuse/dependence (alcohol abuse and drug abuse)

Tobacco use

Tobacco abuse

Tobacco dependence

Mental health condition

Any mental health diagnosis

Depression

Psychosis

Panic attacks

Prescription medications

Psychotropic drugs

Benzodiazepines

Antidepressants

Anti-anxiety drugs

Antipsychotics

Sedatives/hypnotics

Anticonvulsants

Stimulants

Muscle relaxants

Opioid medications

Opioid dose, mean milligrams morphine equivalents

Long-acting or extended-release opioid

History of opioid dispensing prior to initiating chronic opioid therapy

Medical diagnosis

Pain

HIV

Hepatitis C virus

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Asthma

Liver disease

Kidney disease

Obesity