Fig. 3.

Joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The model was adjusted for sex, waist circumference, ethnicity (White, mixed, Asian/Asian British, Black/Black British, others), smoking status (never, previous, current), employment (unemployed, employed), Townsend Deprivation Index, alcohol consumption (never, previous, currently < 3 times/week, currently ≥ 3 times/week), processed/red meat consumption (days/week), beta-blocker use, hypertension, and diabetes. Age- and sex-specific categories of cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength were used. Cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength were both normalized by fat-free mass