Table 1.
Characteristics of NYC Medicare Beneficiaries with Heart Failure by Provider Continuity Score (N = 50,475).
| Continuity Index Scorea |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 50,475) | Low (n = 16,823) | Medium (n = 16,831) | High (n = 16,821) | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 78.4 (7.2) | 77.4 (6.7) | 78.5 (7.1) | 79.4 (7.6) |
| Age category, % | ||||
| 65-74 | 33.4 | 38.0 | 33.0 | 29.1 |
| 75-84 | 45.3 | 46.2 | 45.4 | 44.2 |
| 85+ | 21.4 | 15.8 | 21.6 | 26.7 |
| Female, % | 60.5 | 57.7 | 59.0 | 64.9 |
| Race, % | ||||
| White | 67.6 | 74.9 | 69.2 | 58.7 |
| Black | 12.2 | 8.0 | 11.9 | 16.6 |
| Hispanic | 11.8 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 14.3 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4.9 | 3.3 | 4.3 | 7.0 |
| Other/Unknown | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.4 |
| Dual eligible, % | 47.2 | 50.0 | 44.7 | 46.7 |
| Number of chronic conditions, mean (SD) | 7.0 (2.3) | 7.6 (2.3) | 7.0 (2.2) | 6.3 (2.2) |
| Chronic condition, % | ||||
| Diabetes | 54.3 | 56.1 | 55.1 | 51.8 |
| Hypertension | 85.0 | 86.6 | 85.0 | 83.5 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 20.4 | 23.2 | 20.9 | 17.0 |
| COPD | 15.9 | 18.4 | 16.0 | 13.2 |
| Cancer | 10.9 | 13.8 | 11.4 | 7.4 |
| Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia | 15.7 | 16.2 | 14.5 | 16.3 |
| Depression | 13.3 | 18.7 | 12.2 | 9.1 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis | 50.9 | 62.7 | 50.4 | 39.6 |
| Environmental characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||
| Median income (in thousands of dollars) | 53.1 (33.6) | 55.3 (37.1) | 54.0 (33.5) | 49.9 (29.7) |
| Proportion using public transit | 0.51 (0.15) | 0.50 (0.15) | 0.50 (0.15) | 0.51 (0.15) |
| Primary care physician density at PCSA level | 61.5 (18.6) | 64.0 (19.3) | 61.3 (18.4) | 59.1 (17.8) |
| Proportion of zip codes with FQHC available | 0.44 (0.50) | 0.43 (0.49) | 0.44 (0.50) | 0.47 (0.50) |
| Health service use in 2008-2010 | ||||
| No. E&M visits, mean (SD) | 51.8 (38.5) | 68.8 (44.4) | 50.7 (33.2) | 36.1 (29.0) |
| No. E&M visits, median | 42 | 59 | 43 | 28 |
| No. physicians seen for E&M visits, mean (SD) | 9.4 (6.8) | 15.0 (7.5) | 8.5 (4.0) | 4.5 (2.8) |
| No. specialties seen for E&M visits, mean (SD) | 6.5 (3.6) | 9.4 (3.4) | 6.4 (2.5) | 3.7 (2.1) |
| Provider continuity index, mean (SD) | 0.33 (0.22) | 0.14 (0.04) | 0.26 (0.05) | 0.58 (0.19) |
Note. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCSA = primary care service area; FQHC = Federally Qualified Health Center; E&M = evaluation and management.
a
Continuity index scores were ordered and grouped into tertiles.