Table 2.
| Characteristic | Pseudocyst | SCA | MCN | IPMN | Malignant IPMN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | > 40 years | > 60 years | Young (~ 40–50 years) | > 65 years | > 65 years |
| Gender | F<M | F>M | F>M (> 95%) | F~M | F~M |
| Symptoms | Regularly | Rare | Rare | Rare | Sometimes |
| Relation to acutepancreatitis | Mostly | No | No | Sometimes | Sometimes |
| Relation to chronic pancreatitis | Mostly | No | No | No | No |
| Calcifications | No | Sometimes (central) | Sometimes (peripheral) | No | No |
| Location | Not specific | Mostly distal | Mostly distal | Mostly proximal | Mostly proximal |
| Connected to MPD | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Multifocality | No | Rare | No | Sometimes | Sometimes |
| Serum | |||||
| Elevated CA19-9 (> 37 U/mL) | − | − | +/− | +/− | ++ |
| Mutated KRAS | − | − | − | − | ++ |
| Mutated GNAS | − | − | − | + | +/− |
| Cyst fluid | |||||
| Mucin | −− | −− | ++ | ++ | ++ |
| Amylase (> 250 U/mL) | ++ | −− | − | +/− | +/− |
| CEA | −− | −− | + | + | ++ |
| Mutated KRAS | −− | −− | + | + | ++ |
| Mutated GNAS | −− | −− | − | ++ | + |
| Pancreatic juice | |||||
| CA19-9 | −− | −− | − | +/− | + |
| CEA | −− | −− | − | +/− | + |
| Mutated KRAS | −− | −− | − | +/− | + |
| Mutated GNAS | −− | −− | −− | ++ | +/− |
| SMAD-4/P53 | −− | −− | −− | +/− | ++ |
CA 19-9, cancer antigen 19-9; CEA, carcino-embryonal antigen; MPD, main pancreatic duct; SCA, serous cyst adenoma; MCN, mucinous cystic neoplasm; IPMN, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm; F, female; M, male