Table 2.

Worksheet 1A of the Adaptation Design Tool

Worksheet 1A apply category 1 design considerations: climate change effects on target stressor(s)
	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6	A7
	Action number	Existing management action	Target stressor(s)	Climate change effects on stressor(s): direction, magnitude, mechanism, uncertainty	Timing of climate change effects	Implications for effectiveness metrics and how to measure them	Notes
COLUMN DESCRIPTION	Provide a sequential ID number for each action.	List each site-specific action from your management plan and/or from Activity 2. (Color code actions from Activity 2 as ‘new’ actions being added to the original list of ‘existing’ actions.)	Identify the stressor(s) (e.g., pollutant, fishing pressure, etc.) that the management action targets. (An individual action may address more than one stressor.)	Describe expected climate change impacts on the target stressors. This includes information on the direction, magnitude, and mechanism of change along with level of uncertainty. This will support consideration of how actions would have to be modified (e.g., scaled, placed, timed, engineered) to remain effective. Supporting materials needed include vulnerability and resilience information, climate projections, etc.	Indicate the anticipated timing of when climate change will affect the target stressor(s). This informs when the action is needed, sequencing with other actions, and the time frame under which effectiveness should be evaluated. Mid-century is a management-relevant time frame commonly used; however, this also could include seasonal outlooks/forecasts, or shorter-term events like El Niño.	Identify metric(s) to be used to assess technical performance (i.e. effectiveness) of the action. If possible, suggest targets for quantitative or qualitative changes in the stressor/ metric that would be used to measure effectiveness. Describe how monitoring (e.g., frequency, location, duration, etc.) might need to be modified given climate change effects on the stressor.	Make notes on reasoning, concerns, or information gaps essential for: 1) Providing a transparent record of the thought process; 2) Keeping track of emerging insights into sequencing needs or interactions with other actions; 3) Identifying causal chains to social or ecological effects on the stressor that may cause feedback loops; 4) Recognizing the action's possible consequences for other human or ecological systems outside of the reef; 5) Describing uncertainties/knowledge gaps that need to be filled as new information becomes available.
ILLUSTRATIVE GUÁNICA BAY RESULT	1	Establish coral nurseries	• Land-based stressors (nutrients, sediments, etc.) • Sea surface temperature (SST) increases • Ocean acidification	• Land-based stressors will increase with increased rainfall. Magnitude unknown. • SST projected to exceed bleaching threshold for over half the year • New stressor – ocean/coastal acidification	• Precipitation changes (and ensuing consequences, such as erosion) occurring now • Larger storms have already become more frequent	• Need to monitor success of the basins during larger storms • Effectiveness metrics: number of corals in nurseries, time corals spend in nurseries until outplanting • Need to scale up the number of nurseries to balance increasing loss of corals • Coral residence time in nurseries should be shortened to produce more corals for outplanting • Coral survival in nurseries may be more episodic—large-scale death from bleaching or storms. Thus, monitoring must occur after adverse events.	• Nurseries may sequester carbon; additional research needed • Changes in ocean acidity will be spatially highly variable but changes in temperature will be relatively more uniform • Need to do a better job with land-based sources of pollution to compensate for SST stress
ILLUSTRATIVE WEST MAUI RESULT	2	Establish stormwater infiltration basins in urban areas to remove contaminants from stormwater and recharge ground water	• Debris, sediment, nutrients, other contaminants (e.g. pesticides, herbicides) adsorbed on the soil	• Precipitation depends on the model: decreased rainfall during the wet season (5–20% (statistical models)); or, increased rainfall during the wet season (0–25%) and wetter in dry season (dynamical models) • Location in watersheds also affects precipitation projections. Overall, high uncertainty about precipitation. • Change in stream flow caused by change in precipitation • Increased frequency of storm events	• SST consequences have already occurred but will intensify in the future • Ocean acidification not a major problem yet but could be in coming decades	• Effectiveness metric is what percent of water infiltrates to ground water and what percent of contaminants is removed • Smaller percent of water may infiltrate because water may overtop the basin	• Infiltration basins near the coast will be less effective under sea level rise • Larger standing pools in infiltration basins could increase mosquito abundances • Need greater consensus among precipitation models • Increased water and energy demands under climate change may produce additional contaminants