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. 2018 Jun 22;62(4):644–664. doi: 10.1007/s00267-018-1065-y
General Strategy Definition
A. Reduce Non-Climate Stresses Minimize localized human stressors that hinder the ability of species or ecosystems to withstand or adjust to climatic events
B. Ensure Connectivity Protect habitats that facilitate movement of organisms (and gene flow) among resource patches
C. Support Evolutionary Potential Protect a variety of species, populations and ecosystems in multiple places to bet-hedge against losses from climate disturbances, and where possible manage these systems to assist positive evolutionary change
D. Protect Key Ecosystem Features Focus management on structural characteristics, organisms, or areas that represent important ‘underpinnings’ or ‘keystones’ of the current or future system of interest
E. Restore Structure & Function Rebuild, modify or transform ecosystems that have been lost or compromised, in order to restore desired structures and functions
F. Protect Refugia Protect areas less affected by climate change as sources of ‘seed’ for recovery or as destinations for climate-sensitive migrants
G. Relocate Organisms Engage in human-facilitated transplanting of organisms from one location to another in order to bypass a barrier (e.g., conflicting current)