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Long-term retinoic acid treatment induces upregulation of Aanat transcription. qPCR analysis of cultured P10–12 rat pineal glands following 4-h (a) or 48-h treatment (b) with vehicle control or retinoic acid (RA). Values represent the fold change in mean mRNA expression compared to control, ± SEM. N = 3 (a) or 6 (b) glands per treatment. **P < 0.01
