Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Retinoic acid rapidly downregulates ERK phosphorylation. Activation of ERK1/2 (a) and Akt (b) was determined by western blotting following 10 min treatment of cultured rat pineal glands with vehicle control or retinoic acid (RA). EGF was tested as a positive control (n = 1). Phosphorylated levels were normalized to total ERK or Akt; values represent the fold change in mean compared to control, ± SEM. N ≥ 3 glands per treatment. ***P < 0.001, compared to control
