Table 5.
Correlation between birth weight and quantitative ultrasonography (US) values
| Reference | Year | Quantitative US device | Site/parameter | Correlation between birth weight and quantitative US values | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm infants | Term infants | |||||
| Mercy et al. [2] | 2007 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Positive correlation | Significant positive correlation between birth weight and SOS values when using first measure cross-sectional data. | |
| Ashmeade et al. [7] | 2007 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Positive correlation | Negative correlation | Significant positive correlation in birth weight and SOS measurements in preterm infants, but negative correlation in term infants. This might suggest that lower rates of interuterine growth are associated with high SOS values. |
| McDevitt et al. [8] | 2007 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | No significant correlation | No significant effect of weight or length gain on SOS values. | |
| Zuccotti et al. [13] | 2011 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | No significant correlation | No relation between birth weight and SOS values. | |
| Tansug et al. [14] | 2011 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | No significant correlation | There is positive correlation between birth weight when considering preterm and term infants as a whole, but no significant correlation when looking at preterm infants alone. There are only a small number of preterm births included in this study. | |
| Gonnelli et al. [15] | 2004 | DBM Bone profiler | Humerus/BTT, SOS | Positive correlation | BTT and humerus BTT of neonates showed significant relationship with birth weight. | |
| Betto et al. [16] | 2014 | DBM Sonic | Metacarpal/BTT, SOS | Positive correlation | Weight and length at 3rd week and 36th week of life correlated positively with metacarpal BTT. | |
| Ritschl et al. [17] | 2005 | DBM Sonic | Second metacarpus/ BTT, SOS | Positive correlation | Positive correlation | Quantitative US parameters were closely correlated with length and weight of infant. |
| Liao et al. [19] | 2005 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | No significant correlation | No significant correlation | SOS in infants with birth weights <1,500 g was lower than in infants with birth weights >2,500 g. However, there are no significant differences after accounting for gestational age and birth season. |
| McDevitt et al. [20] | 2005 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia, distal third of radius/SOS | 32–36 weeks’ gestational age: no significant correlation <32 weeks’ gestational age: negative correlation |
No significant correlation | There was no significant difference in SOS for SGA and AGA infants in >37 weeks’ gestational age and 32–36 weeks’ gestational age groups. In the <32 weeks’ gestational age group, SGA infants had higher SOS values than AGA infants. However, there was no significant difference between LGA and AGA infants in all groups. |
| Chen et al. [22] | 2012 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Negative correlation | Negative correlation | Birth weight had a negative effect on increasing SOS values. SOS values were higher in SGA infants than in AGA infants. |
| Rack et al. [23] | 2012 | Osteoson KIV | 4 different sites/SOS | Positive correlation | No significant correlation | Birth weight was the strongest predictor of quantitative US values in the most immature infants, but predictive value becomes insignificant in term infants. |
| Fewtrell et al. [25] | 2008 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | No significant correlation | There is no significant correlation between SOS and birth weight at time of scan. | |
| Littner et al. [31] | 2003 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Positive correlation | Positive correlation | SOS values were more closely correlated to gestational age than with birth weight. |
| Rubinacci et al. [32] | 2003 | DBM Sonic | Humerus/BTT, SOS | Positive correlation | SOS values were found to be significantly correlated to birth weight and weight at measurement (postconceptual age of at least 34 weeks for preterm infants). | |
| Littner et al. [33] | 2004 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Negative correlation | LGA infants had lower SOS values than normal AGA values predicted from standard curves. | |
| Teitelbaum et al. [35] | 2006 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/SOS | Positive correlation | Positive correlation | There was a significant positive correlation between SOS and birth weight, independent of gestational age. |
| Liao et al. [38] | 2010 | Omnisense 7000P | Tibia/ SOS | Positive correlation | Positive correlation | SOS values of infants with birth weight of <1,500 g was significantly lower than infants with birth weight of >2,500 g. |
| Savino et al. [39] | 2013 | DBM Sonic | Metacarpal/ BTT, SOS | No significant correlation | No significant correlation | Negative correlation was observed between SOS, length and weight. However with multiple regression modelling, no significant relationship was found. |
AGA appropriate for gestational age, BTT bone transmission time, LGA large for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age, SOS speed of sound