Fig. 1.

Hydroxylation of steroids by bacterial enzymes. a Reaction schemes for CYP, KSH, and S25DH. b Regioselectivity of hydroxylations reported for aerobic cytochrome P450 family represented by: CYP106A1 Bacillus megaterium DSM319, CYP106A2 B. megaterium ATCC13368 (Kiss et al. 2015c), CYP109B1 B. subtilis 168 (Agematu et al. 2006), CYP109E1 B. megaterium DSM19 (Jozwik et al. 2016), CYP154C5 N. farcinica IFM 10152 (Bracco et al. 2013), CYP260A1, CYP260B1 from Sorangium cellulosum So ce56 (Litzenburger and Bernhardt 2016) CYP125, CYP142, CYP124 from M. tuberculosis CDC1551 or H37Rv (Johnston et al. 2010), non-heme KSH from Actinobacteria (Petrusma et al. 2014), and anaerobic S25DH from Sterolibacterium denitricans (Dermer and Fuchs 2012)