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. 2017 Aug 29;38(5):2053–2060. doi: 10.1007/s10792-017-0697-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Changes in MCP-1 mRNA and IL-8 mRNA expression after stimulation with various concentrations of LPS in ARPE-19 cells in serum-free media were preincubated for 30 min with berberine (25 μM) or 0.05% DMSO. After various concentrations of LPS (0.5, 1 and 5 μg/ml) had been added to the medium, the cells were incubated for 3 h. The changes in mRNA were determined using real-time PCR. Changes in MCP-1 mRNA (a) and IL-8 mRNA (b) after stimulation with LPS are shown. The data are expressed as means ± standard errors of four independent experiments. *P < 0.01, compared to the value without berberine