Figure 2.

Intracellular signaling pathways triggered by CTS. 1, Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase; 2, CTS target(s) distinct from the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase α-subunit; S1–S5, downstream signaling pathways. Different shapes of CTS targets (1 and 2) reflect their conformational transitions. For more details, see the text.