Table 1.
Case reports of successful ablation of PVCs triggering VF.
| References | Patient history | Mapping and ablation | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ashida et al. (50) | 18 y.o female Syncope | Septal RVOT | No VF recurrence after 3 years |
| Kusano et al. (51) | 65 y.o female Syncope | RVOT | No VF recurrence after 18 months |
| Takatsuki et al. (52) | 62 y.o male | Postero-septal RVOT | No VF recurrence after 20 months |
| Saliba et al. (53) | 41 y.o female | PVC coupling interval = 240 ms Duration 140 ms Inferolateral border of the right ventricle Late sharp potential recorded in sinus rhythm and preceding the PVCs | No VF recurrence after 6 months |
| Betts et al. (54) | 27 y.o male Coupling interval 260–300 ms | Free wall of the RVOT Sharp potential 80 ms before PVC onset | No VF recurrence after 11 months of follow-up |
| Pasquie et al. (55) | 3 patients, mean age 62 y.o VF during fever episodes | Coupling intervals = 240 and 320 ms Purkinje potential preceding the PVC (anterior RV) | No VF recurrence after 9, 18 and 22 months |
| Kohsaka et al. (56) | 21 y.o female Electrical storm | Purkinje from the right bundle preceding the PVC initiation VF by 72 ms | No VF recurrence after 12 months |
| Naik et al. (57) | 24 y.o male Syncope | Coupling interval = 280–320 ms 2 PVC morphologies = RVOT + RV apex Few PVCs recorded during the procedure Ablation based on pacemapping and targeting Purkinje potential in the RV apex | VF recurrence after 9 months due to PVCs of similar morphology Redo ablation was associated with VF Freedom after 1 year-follow-up |
| Cho et al. (58) | 17 y.o male Aborted sudden cardiac death due to IVF | Coupling interval = 360 ms Ablation at the anterolateral wall of the RVOT based on the earliest activation site and pacemapping | Acute success with no VF/PVT recurrence during the 2 weeks after the procedure |
| Szumowski et al. (59) | 25 y.o female syncope 150 ICD therapies in 9 years | PVCs originating from the Purkinje network | No VF recurrence after 2 years |
| Saba et al.(60) | 10 y.o male syncope Atrial fibrillation 30 ICD shocks in 2 months | 4 PVC morphologies: 2 short coupled (268+/110 ms) with a large QRS (161 ± 7 ms) 2 longer coupled PVCs (422 ± 25 ms) and narrower QRS (118 ± 9 ms) Mapping performed using a basket catheter | No VF recurrence after 21 months using quinidine |
| Santoro et al.(13) | 5 patients, mean age 39 ± 12 years Multiple ICD shocks and electrical storm | PVCs arising from the left ventricular posteromedial papillary muscle in 4 cases and from the right ventricular postero lateral papillary muscle in 1 case. | No VF recurrence after 58 ± 11 months |
| Nagase et al.(61) | 29 y.o female Multiple ICD shocks for VF episodes | PVC with different morphologies Ablation targeting earliest anterior and posterior Purkinje potentials | Recurrence of 3 VF episodes after 96 months No VF recurrence after administration of atenolol and disopyramide |
| Kleissner et al.(62) | Male Electrical storm | 2 PVCs initiating VF The first arising from the right Purkinje preceding the PVC by 28 ms. The second arising from the RVOT. | – |
| Rosu et al., (63) | 39 y.o male Multiple syncopes | PVCs arising from the right Purkinje preceding the PVC by 15 ms. | 2 early recurrences of VF episodes initiated by PVC s from the RV with different morphologies. No VF recurrence after 3 years |
| Chan and Sy (64) | 2 patients = 40 and 24 y.o females syncope and cardiac arrest respectively | PVCs arising from the posterior fascicle in the first case and from the RVOT in the second case | No VF recurrence after 17 and 42 months respectively |
| Ho et al. (65) | 44 y.o male Electrical storm | PVCs arising from the moderator band mapped using the Pentaray catheter Purkinje potentials preceding the PVC by 103 ms Ablation targeted Purkinje potentials at the moderator band | No VF recurrence after ablation |
| Martin et al. (66) | 32 y.o male Syncope | PVC arising from the posterior fascicle Purkinje potentials preceding the PVC by 34 ms Ablation based on pacemapping and the site of earliest activation | Recurrence of 1 VF episode after 2 year follow-up |
ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; PVC, premature ventricular contraction; PVT, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; RV, right ventricle; RVOT, right ventricular outflow tract; VF, ventricular fibrillation.