Figure 8.
Characterization of the force-based global positioning and the null-space control. (a) Example 1-dimensional trajectory generated by a force exerted on a single axis of the handle, (b) joint values during an example null-space motion, (c) distance of the end-effector from its starting position during the null-space motion generated in (b), (d) distance of the ‘elbow’ of the KUKA robot (base of joint 5) from its starting position during the null-space motion generated in (b), (e)– (f) example of the motion generated by the null-space control, moving the ‘elbow’ of the robot through forces applied on the handle while keeping the end-effector stationary.