Table 5. Share of the population being pushed below two different poverty lines due to out-of-pocket expenditure in countries included the financial protection analysis in the South-East Asia Region.
| Country, by variable | National average | Quintile |
Area |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poorest | Poorer | Middle | Richer | Richest | Rural | Urban | ||
| Poverty line US$ 1.90a | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 3.44 (0.20) | 0.00 (NA) | 13.93 (0.83) | 1.91 (0.32) | 0.73 (0.24) | 0.61 (0.20) | 4.15 (0.25) | 1.44 (0.23) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 5 234 | 0 | 4 239 | 581 | 222 | 186 | 4 655 | 576 |
| Bhutan | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.32 (0.09) | 1.31 (0.42) | 0.28 (0.20) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.43 (0.13) | 0.06 (0.04) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| India | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 4.21 (0.16) | 0.00 (NA) | 17.61 (0.66) | 2.49 (0.24) | 0.67 (0.13) | 0.25 (0.11) | 5.24 (0.21) | 1.61 (0.11) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 52 509 | 0 | 43 928 | 6 211 | 1 671 | 624 | 46 682 | 5 737 |
| Maldives | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 1.49 (0.51) | 7.34 (2.42) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 2.12 (0.75) | 0.17 (0.17) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 |
| Nepal | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 1.67 (0.25) | 6.90 (1.13) | 0.97 (0.39) | 0.46 (0.27) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 1.98 (0.34) | 0.94 (0.25) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 473 | 391 | 55 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 392 | 80 |
| Sri Lanka | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.34 (0.11) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.08 (0.03) | 0.00 (NA) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 14 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| Thailand | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Timor-Leste | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.99 (0.33) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 4.67 (1.61) | 0.17 (0.13) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.79 (0.19) | 1.50 (1.08) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 12 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
| Poverty line US$ 3.10a | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 4.06 (0.21) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 5.94 (0.56) | 11.75 (0.76) | 2.63 (0.37) | 4.57 (0.26) | 2.65 (0.32) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 6 177 | 0 | 0 | 1 808 | 3 576 | 800 | 5 126 | 1 060 |
| Bhutan | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.93 (0.15) | 0.00 (NA) | 3.28 (0.65) | 1.16 (0.32) | 0.13 (0.09) | 0.07 (0.07) | 1.18 (0.21) | 0.36 (0.10) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 7 | 0 | 5 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 1 |
| India | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 4.56 (0.14) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 21.11 (0.57) | 1.71 (0.20) | 4.86 (0.17) | 3.83 (0.20) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 56 874 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 52 658 | 4 266 | 43 297 | 13 649 |
| Maldives | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 3.03 (0.68) | 0.00 (NA) | 9.75 (2.28) | 4.39 (2.39) | 1.14 (0.59) | 0.00 (NA) | 4.15 (0.99) | 0.73 (0.43) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 11 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 10 | 1 |
| Nepal | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 3.44 (0.33) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 15.50 (1.48) | 1.51 (0.43) | 0.21 (0.16) | 3.79 (0.44) | 2.64 (0.39) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 974 | 0 | 0 | 878 | 86 | 12 | 750 | 225 |
| Sri Lanka | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.83 (0.08) | 3.86 (0.40) | 0.26 (0.10) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.97 (0.10) | 0.19 (0.08) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 170 | 158 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 163 | 7 |
| Thailand | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | < 0.01 (< 0.00) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | < 0.01 (< 0.00) | < 0.01 (< 0.00) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
| Timor-Leste | ||||||||
| % of population under poverty line (SE) | 0.64 (0.13) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 2.85 (0.61) | 0.36 (0.16) | 0.45 (0.13) | 1.13 (0.31) |
| No. of people pushed below poverty line | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 4 |
NA: not applicable; SE: standard error: US$: United States dollars.
a Poverty lines are expressed as purchasing power parity per capita per day with exchange rates based on World Development Indicators.17
Notes: The number 0 in the poorer quintiles mean that all people were already below poverty lines and could be pushed below them again due to health expenditure. In other words, they are vulnerable regardless of outcome. In contrast, the 0 observed in richer quintiles mean that no one in the group was pushed below poverty lines due to health expenditure and are therefore not vulnerable.