Table 6. Changes in the poverty gaps due to out-of-pocket health expenditures at two different poverty lines in countries included in the financial protection analysis in the South-East Asia Region.
| Country | Change in poverty gaps due to out-of-pocket health expenditures, % (SE) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National average | Quintiles |
Area |
||||||
| Poorest | Poorer | Middle | Richer | Richest | Rural | Urban | ||
| Poverty line US$ 1.90a | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | 0.81 (0.04) | 2.40 (0.11) | 1.22 (0.11) | 0.27 (0.06) | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.12 (0.05) | 1.02 (0.05) | 0.24 (0.03) |
| Bhutan | 0.10 (0.02) | 0.43 (0.10) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.01 (0.00) |
| India | 1.16 (0.03) | 3.22 (0.08) | 2.18 (0.09) | 0.26 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.04) | 1.47 (0.04) | 0.39 (0.02) |
| Maldives | 0.23 (0.06) | 1.13 (0.29) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.32 (0.09) | 0.04 (0.03) |
| Nepal | 3.97 (0.24) | 19.73 (0.85) | 0.09 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 4.78 (0.32) | 2.09 (0.3) |
| Sri Lanka | 0.02 (< 0.01) | 0.07 (0.02) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.02 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) |
| Thailand | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | 0.00 (NA) |
| Timor-Leste | 0.32 (0.07) | 0.37 (0.08) | 0.63 (0.09) | 0.59 (0.33) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.01 (0.00) | 0.26 (0.03) | 0.47(0.24) |
| Poverty line US$ 3.10a | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | 2.05 (0.06) | 1.47 (0.07) | 2.57 (0.11) | 3.78 (0.17) | 1.79 (0.17) | 0.65 (0.12) | 2.49 (0.08) | 0.82 (0.05) |
| Bhutan | 0.29 (0.03) | 0.46 (0.08) | 0.88 (0.12) | 0.10 (0.04) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | 0.39 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.01) |
| India | 2.51 (0.04) | 1.97 (0.05) | 3.21 (0.07) | 4.85 (0.09) | 2.16 (0.10) | 0.35 (0.07) | 2.97 (0.05) | 1.36 (0.03) |
| Maldives | 0.77 (0.12) | 2.70 (0.52) | 0.77 (0.16) | 0.19 (0.11) | 0.15 (0.09) | 0.00 (NA) | 1.03 (0.18) | 0.23 (0.06) |
| Nepal | 1.43 (0.07) | 2.06 (0.13) | 3.19 (0.18) | 1.69 (0.21) | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.06 (0.04) | 1.67 (0.09) | 0.89 (0.07) |
| Sri Lanka | 0.15 (0.01) | 0.71 (0.04) | 0.02 (< 0.01) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.17 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) |
| Thailand | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | 0.00 (NA) | 0.00 (NA) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) | < 0.01 (< 0.01) |
| Timor-Leste | 0.54 (0.06) | 0.22 (0.05) | 0.38 (0.06) | 0.84 (0.21) | 1.13 (0.17) | 0.11 (0.05) | 0.45 (0.04) | 0.75 (0.18) |
NA: not applicable; SE: standard error: US$: United States dollars.
a Poverty lines (thresholds) are US$ purchasing power parity per capita per day with exchange rates based on World Development Indicators.17