Table 3.

Principal associations between patient variables and strongly held beliefs (QuAD score ≥ 7)

	QuAD item	Patient variable	Reference		OR [95% CI]
F4	Physical activity reduces flares	Diagnosis	RA	axSpA	2.15 [1.50–3.08]
O2	Disease caused by smoking	Diagnosis	RA	axSpA	0.60 [0.36–0.96]
D4	Certain foods reduce flares	Gender	Men	Women	2.22 [1.18–4.20]
F1	Disease caused by physical overload	Education	Higher	High school	2.14 [1.30–3.53]
F4	Physical activity reduces flares	Education	Higher	High school	0.42 [0.29–0.60]
O2	Disease caused by smoking	Social deprivation	Not deprived	Deprived	2.04 [1.15–3.62]
D2	Disease caused by alcohol	Social deprivation	Not deprived	Deprived	4.18 [1.19–14.6]
F1	Disease caused by physical overload	Anxiety	HADS-A ≤ 8	HADS-A > 10	2.87 [1.67–4.92]
F2	Flares triggered by physical effort	Anxiety	HADS-A ≤ 8	HADS-A > 10	1.59 [1.03–2.45]
F4	Physical activity reduces flares	Depression	HADS-D ≤ 8	HADS-D > 18	0.58 [0.38–0.88]
F2	Flares triggered by physical effort	Depression	HADS-D ≤ 8	HADS-D > 8	1.49 [1.00–2.23]
F2	Flares triggered by physical effort	Helplessness	AHI < 20	AHI ≥ 20	1.77 [1.23–2.54]
O3	Disease caused by environmental factor	Helplessness	AHI < 20	AHI ≥ 20	2.93 [1.38–6.18]

The codes for the questionnaire items correspond to those listed in Table 2. Data are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)

AHI, Arthritis Helplessness Index; axSpA, axial spondyloarthritis; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; QuAD, Questionnaire for Arthritis Dialogue; RA, rheumatoid arthritis