Table 4. Crude and adjusted odds ratios for maternal Zika virus infection and other risk factors and early childhood development, French Polynesia, 2013–2016*.
| Risk factors |
Early childhood development |
||||
| Adequate in all domains, no. (%) |
Question or problem in >1 domain, no. (%) |
Adequate in all domains versus question or problem in >1 domain |
|||
| Crude OR
(95% CI) |
Adjusted OR
(95% CI) |
LRT
p value |
|||
| Zika virus seropositivity, n = 107 | |||||
| No | 13 (50) | 13 (50) | 1 | 1 | 0.07 |
| Yes |
46 (57) |
35 (43) |
0.76 (0.31–1.84) |
0.35 (0.11–1.13)† |
|
| Reported Zika infection, n = 107 | |||||
| No infection during pregnancy‡ | 19 (56) | 15 (44) | 1 | 1 | 0.19 |
| Asymptomatic, timing unknown§ | 30 (54) | 26 (46) | 1.09 (0.47–2.59) | 0.51 (0.16–1.58)† | |
| Symptomatic during pregnancy¶ |
10 (59) |
7 (41) |
0.89 (0.27–2.88) |
0.58 (0.14–2.51)† |
|
| Deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, n = 104 | |||||
| No | 34 (69) | 15 (31) | 1 | 1 | 0.07 |
| Yes |
24 (44) |
31 (56) |
2.92 (1.30–6.57) |
2.69 (0.92–7.84)# |
|
| Maternal socioeconomic status,** n = 106 | |||||
| Middle and high | 47 (66) | 24 (34) | 1 | 1 | <0.001 |
| Low |
11 (31) |
24 (69) |
4.27 (1.80–10.2) |
5.28 (1.96–14.2)†† |
|
| Breast-feeding,** n = 106 | |||||
| Yes, including artificial feeding | 52 (57) | 39 (43) | 1 | 1 | 0.03 |
| No | 6 (40) | 9 (60) | 2.00 (0.66–6.09) | 4.00 (1.06–15.1)‡‡ | |
*LRT, likelihood ratio test; OR, odds ratio. †Adjusted for deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, maternal socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start (divided into 4 categories based on risk of exposure to Zika virus; see Table 2). ‡Seronegative mothers and seropositive mothers who reported Zika-like illness outside pregnancy. §Seropositive mothers who did not report Zika-like illness during or outside pregnancy. ¶Seropositive mothers who reported Zika-like illness during pregnancy. #Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), maternal socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start. **No interaction (test for interaction p = 0.26) and no multicolinearity were detected for maternal socioeconomic status and breastfeeding. ††Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and date of pregnancy start. ‡‡Adjusted for ZIKV seropositivity (main exposure), deltamethrin outdoor spraying during pregnancy, maternal socioeconomic status, and date of pregnancy start.