Table 2.

Multivariable Logistic Regression Models for Neck Reoperation by Sex for California Differentiated Thyroid Cancers with Total or Near-Total Thyroidectomy, 1991–2008

	Males			Females
	OR	CI	p	OR	CI	p
Race/ethnicity
NH white	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
NH African American	0.96	[0.43–2.14]	0.92	0.74	[0.44–1.24]	0.25
Hispanic	1.18	[0.89–1.58]	0.24	1.20	[1.00–1.44]	0.05
NH Asian/PI	1.44	[1.07–1.94]	0.02	1.24	[1.01–1.50]	0.04
Other/unknown	1.34	[0.38–4.68]	0.65	0.71	[0.31–1.64]	0.42
Age at diagnosis (years)
15–34	0.93	[0.65–1.33]	0.69	1.50	[1.17–1.92]	0.001
35–44	0.82	[0.58–1.16]	0.26	1.26	[0.99–1.61]	0.06
45–54	1.16	[0.86–1.58]	0.33	0.88	[0.68–1.14]	0.33
≥55	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Year of diagnosis
1991–1993	0.34	[0.16–0.73]	0.006	0.68	[0.41– 1.13]	0.14
1994–1996	0.34	[0.20–0.57]	<0.001	0.50	[0.37–0.67]	<0.001
1997–1999	0.67	[0.46–0.99]	0.04	0.45	[0.35–0.59]	<0.001
2000–2002	0.82	[0.59–1.13]	0.23	0.45	[0.35–0.58]	<0.001
2003–2005	0.94	[0.70–1.26]	0.66	0.84	[0.70–1.02]	0.07
2006–2008	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Histology
Papillary	1.82	[1.12–2.98]	0.02	1.59	(1.10, 2.31)	0.01
Follicular	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
N stage
N0	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
N1	2.86	[2.22–3.69]	<0.001	3.61	[3.05–4.26]	<0.001
Unknown	1.83	[1.20–2.79]	0.005	2.01	[1.51–2.67]	<0.001
M stage
M0	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
M1	0.57	[0.32–1.05]	0.07	0.93	[0.56—1.53]	0.77
Unknown	1.17	[0.75–1.81]	0.49	1.18	[0.88–1.58]	0.28
Tumor size
<1 cm	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
1–2 cm	0.93	[0.64–1.35]	0.69	1.32	[1.04–1.67]	0.02
2–3 cm	1.14	[0.78–1.65]	0.50	1.72	[1.35–2.21]	<0.001
3–4 cm	1.62	[1.08–2.42]	0.02	1.49	[1.10–2.02]	0.01
>4 cm	2.05	[1.43–2.96]	<0.001	2.19	[1.64–2.93]	<0.001
Unknown	1.25	[0.75–2.10]	0.39	1.96	[1.40–2.75]	<0.001
Extrathyroidal extension
No	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Yes	2.19	[1.73–2.78]	<0.001	2.34	[1.99–2.74]	<0.001
Unknown	1.69	[0.88–3.24]	0.11	1.28	[0.79–2.09]	0.31
Comorbidities at diagnosisa
No admission ≤2 years after diagnosis	1.28	[0.89–1.83]	0.18	1.38	[1.12–1.70]	0.002
0	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
1–2	1.37	[0.92–2.04]	0.12	1.37	[1.07–1.75]	0.01
≥3	0.99	[0.56–1.77]	0.98	1.38	[0.92–2.06]	0.12
Treatment
No radioiodine	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Radioiodine	1.66	[1.29–2.14]	<0.001	1.62	[1.37–1.92]	<0.001
Marital status
Never married	1.05	[0.78–1.40]	0.75	1.21	[1.02–1.45]	0.03
Previously married	1.23	[0.83–1.83]	0.30	0.85	[0.66–1.08]	0.19
Married	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Unknown marital status	1.22	[0.49–3.05]	0.67	1.46	[0.86–2.46]	0.16
Neighborhood socioeconomic status
High	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Low	0.94	[0.74–1.18]	0.59	0.84	[0.72–0.98]	0.03
Unknown	2.01	[0.99–4.06]	0.05	0.50	[0.20–1.25]	0.14
Health insurance
No insurance/self-pay	0.40	[0.12–1.33]	0.14	1.36	[0.86–2.14]	0.19
Private insurance	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
Medicaid/government	0.87	[0.54–1.41]	0.58	0.69	[0.52–0.93]	0.01
Medicare	1.83	[1.32–2.53]	<0.001	1.29	[0.97–1.72]	0.08
Unknown	0.97	[0.53–1.77]	0.92	0.46	[0.30–0.71]	<0.001
Hospital thyroidectomy volumeb
Low	REF	—	—	REF	—	—
High	1.07	[0.85—1.35]	0.54	0.85	[0.73–0.99]	0.04
Unknown	0.61	[0.40–0.93]	0.02	0.84	[0.65–1.07]	0.15

^aExlihauser comorbidity index diagnosis or two years prior to diagnosis, cancer was excluded as a comorbidity.

^bHigh-volume thyroidectomy hospital defined as the top 10% of hospitals performing thyroidectomies.

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; REF, reference group.