Table 2.
Comparisons between patients with NDR and DR, patients with NPDR and PDR
| Variables | NDR (n = 306) | NPDR (n = 126) | PDR (n = 86) | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 59.35 ± 10.46 | 63.5 ± 9.47 | 63.27 ± 8.86 | 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 118 (59.9) | 43 (21.8) | 36 (18.3) | 0.46 |
| BMI, (kg/m2) | 27.97 ± 4.47 | 27.9 ± 3.74 | 27.68 ± 4.75 | 0.88 |
| Patient weight (kg) | 73.98 ± 13.94 | 72.38 ± 10.39 | 72.35 ± 13.63 | 0.42 |
| Patient height (cm) | 162.06 ± 10.14 | 160.68 ± 8.34 | 161.78 ± 9.8 | 0.42 |
| Systemic hypertension, n (%)htn | 131(58.5) | 53(23.7) | 40(17.9) | 0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 129.4 ± 16.56 | 134.74 ± 16.43 | 139.43 ± 22.12 | 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, (mmHg) | 77.15 ± 7.82 | 76.94 ± 7.65 | 78.72 ± 9.03 | 0.27 |
| HbA1c level (%) | 8.1 ± 1.47 | 8.88 ± 1.59 | 8.91 ± 1.64 | 0.001 |
| Poor glycemic control (%)**hba1c > 7 | 64(83.1) | 8(10.4) | 5(6.5) | 0.001 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 43(47.3) | 26(28.6) | 22(24.2) | 0.002 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 10(45.5) | 7(31.8) | 2(22.7) | 0.28 |
| Total cholesterol, (mmol/L) | 182.49 ± 42.58 | 180.8 ± 41.94 | 191.62 ± 73.24 | 0.42 |
| LDL cholesterol, (mmol/L) | 106.03 ± 36.8 | 106.3 ± 31.63 | 101.48 ± 40.39 | 0.78 |
| HDL cholesterol, (mmol/L) | 44.32 ± 12.24 | 42.89 ± 14.18 | 42.49 ± 10.42 | 0.61 |
| Diabetes duration, n (%) | 8.85 ± 6.17 | 15.84 ± 7.07 | 18.28 ± 8.03 | 0.001 |
| <5 years | 116 (92.8) | 4 (3.2) | 5 (4) | |
| 5–10 years | 56 (67.5) | 20 (24.1) | 7 (8.4) | 0.001 |
| ≥10 years | 119 (41.9) | 95 (33.5) | 70 (24.6) |
Data presented are means (SD) or number (%), as appropriate
NDR, no retinopathy, NPDR, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; Group 3: proliferative diabetic retinopathy
*P-value for linear trend in mean characteristics across quartiles based on 2 or ANOVA. Bold denotes a significant trend
**Poor glycemic control defines as HbA1c up to 7