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. 2017 Mar 31;22(4):570. doi: 10.3390/molecules22040570

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Immunomodulatory effect of S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine. (A) Effect of S1PC on IgA levels in intestinal lavage fluid. S1PC (30 mg/kg, once a day) or distilled water were orally administrated to C57BL/6N mice for 5 days (n = 4–5). IgA level was measured using Mouse IgA ELISA Quantification set (Bethyl Laboratories, Inc. Montgomery, AL, USA), (** p < 0.01); (B) Effect of S1PC on IgA–inducing cells in Peyer’s patches (PPs). The population of IgA+ cells was analyzed on a FACSCalibur (BD Bioscience, Palo Alto, CA, USA) using the DB Cell Quest software, (** p < 0.01); (C) Effect of S1PC on Xbp1 mRNA expression in PP. Quantitative real–time PCR reactions were performed using a Piko Real Real–time PCR system (Thermo Fisher Scentific, Waltham, MA, USA) to determine relative expression levels of target genes. p-Values identified statistically significant differences between the test and control groups using a Student’s t-test; (D) Putative mechanism on induction of Xbp1 expression by S1PC. S1PC enhances the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and the degradation of Pax5, thereby increasing the expression of Xbp1 mRNA. Xbp1 induces the expression of several genes. Illustration based on a literature report [20].