Table 3.

Permeation parameters of Cur from the gel with different formulations through excised normal and IMQ-psoriatic skins at 32°C

Drug form	Skin	Q24 (ng·cm−2)	Jss (ng·h−1 ·cm−2)	Drug in skin (ng·cm−2)	ERJ	ERS
Cur suspension in gel	Normal	238.84 ± 27.65	6.85 ± 0.61	766.67 ± 173.98	1.32	1.70
	IMQ-psoriatic	461.19 ± 39.46a,b	9.06 ± 0.51a	1,311.00 ± 254.15a,b
50 nm Cur-NPs in gel	Normal	1,071.02 ± 32.67	29.13 ± 1.90	2,560.00 ± 263.50	1.55	1.13
	IMQ-psoriatic	1,308.70 ± 72.25a,b	45.24 ± 2.13a	2,903.33 ± 530.42b
150 nm Cur-NPs in gel	Normal	1,119.10 ± 112.88	28.96 ± 0.20	3,063.33 ± 328.45c	0.80	1.44
	IMQ-psoriatic	897.36 ± 88.36b,c	22.97 ± 0.95a,c	4,410.00 ± 665.23a–c

Notes: Data are given as mean ± SE (n=3). Q₂₄, penetration amount through skin accumulated during 24 h; J_ss, steady-state flux; ER_J = J_ss (IMQ-psoriatic skin)/J_ss (normal skin), ER_S = drug accumulation in skin (IMQ-psoriatic skin)/drug accumulation in skin (normal skin).

^aSignificantly different from that of corresponding normal skin group, ^aP<0.05;

^bthe penetration parameters of Cur from the gel with different formulations through excised IMQ-psoriatic skin were from our published data;

^csignificantly different between the two sized Cur-NPs in gel groups.

Abbreviations: Cur, curcumin; IMQ, imiquimod; NPs, nanoparticles.