Table 5.
Comparison of baseline characteristics, medical utilization, and costs between PRISm with and without medically diagnosed COPD
| PRISm with medically diagnosed COPD | PRISm without medically diagnosed COPD | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.06 ± 7.48 | 55.21 ± 10.49 | < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 16 (100.0) | 270 (90.9) | – |
| Height (cm) | 162.95 ± 6.9 | 167.0 ± 6.89 | 0.023 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.58 ± 13.13 | 69.04 ± 11.41 | 0.012 |
| Smoking history | |||
| Current smoking, n (%) | 8 (50.0) | 185 (62.3) | 0.325 |
| Pack-years | 36.63 ± 14.16 | 33.02 ± 20.62 | 0.490 |
| Co-morbidity, n (%) | |||
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 1 (6.3) | 20 (6.7) | 0.940 |
| Asthma | 4 (25.0) | 11 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Lung function test | |||
| FVC % predicted | 64.83 ± 10.86 | 72.96 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 |
| FEV1% predicted | 69.77 ± 9.16 | 72.97 ± 6.55 | 0.188 |
| FEV1/FVC | 0.76 ± 0.06 | 0.77 ± 0.06 | 0.182 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Cough for more than 3 months | 0 | 2 (0.7) | – |
| Sputum for more than 3 months | 0 | 2 (0.7) | – |
| Dyspnea | 2 (12.5) | 1 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Wheezing | 6 (37.5) | 31 (10.4) | 0.001 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 0 | 2 (0.7) | – |
| OPD visit, n (%) | 15 (93.8) | 7 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| No. of OPD visit | 8.81 ± 10.15 | 0.03 ± 0.18 | < 0.001 |
| Hospitalization, n (%) | 9 (56.3) | 20 (6.7) | < 0.001 |
| ER visit, n (%) | 5 (31.3) | 7 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (1.4) | 0.002 |
| Total hospital visit, n (%) | 16 (100.0) | 25 (8.4) | – |
| ICS, n (%) | 4 (25.0) | 1 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
| ICS + LABA, n (%) | 8 (50.0) | 3 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| LAMA, n (%) | 4 (25.0) | – | – |
| SAMA, n (%) | 8 (50.0) | 4 (1.4) | < 0.001 |
| SABA, n (%) | 8 (50.0) | 3 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
| Systemic bronchodilator, n (%) | 9 (56.3) | 2 (0.7) | < 0.001 |
| Methylxanthine, n (%) | 11 (68.8) | 6 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
| Total prescribed medication, n (%) | 16 (100.0) | 10 (3.4) | – |
| Hospitalization medical Cost (for 3 years) (USD) | 3647.51 ± 4773.55 | 223.58 ± 1535.45 | 0.012 |
| Total | 16 | 297 | |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage)
PRISm preserved ratio impaired spirometry, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1 forced expiratory volume for 1 s, FVC forced vital capacity, OPD outpatient department, ER emergency room, ICU intensive care unit, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, LABA long-acting beta-2 agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarine antagonist, SAMA short-acting muscarine antagonist, SABA short-acting beta-2 agonist