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. 2018 Sep 21;8:14224. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32664-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Heterologous expression of tick GALTs in α-Gal-negative cells is associated to α-Gal synthesis. (A) Normalized mRNA expression of b4galt7, a4galt-1 and a4galt-2 measured by qPCR using total RNA extracted from E. coli BL21 and (B) human HL-60 cells. Gene transcription was observed in cells transformed with plasmids containing b4galt7, a4galt-1 and a4galt-2, whereas it was absent in cells transformed with the empty plasmid (Control). (C) α-Gal production was measured by flow cytometry in E. coli BL21 and (D) HL-60 cells and mean fluorescence intensity values are shown. α-Gal production was significantly higher in cells transformed with b4galt7, a4galt-1 and a4galt-2 compared with the negative control. Results were compared by Student’s t-test with unequal variance. Results are representative of three biological replicates.