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. 2018 Sep 21;9:3839. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06069-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a β-Catenin was assessed in lymph node sections of CLL patients by microscopy. A specific non-phospho-antibody for β-catenin was used to detect the active form of the protein. One representative result from six different patients is shown. Scale bar = 100 μm. b β-Catenin and N-cadherin expression in primary B cells from a patient with leukaemic DLBCL (left panel) or from three patients diagnosed with Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after 5 days of co-culture on EL08-1D2 cells (right panel). High-grade NHL cell lines (Namalwa = Burkitt lymphoma; SU-DHL-4 and OCI-LY8 = DLBCL) were cultured on stromal cells for 48 h (middle panel). c Schematic presentation of the mutual activation of BMSCs and CLL cells. (Left) CLL cells induce Notch2 activation in BMSCs. (Middle) Stromal Notch2 in turn regulates the expression of complement C1q and other soluble factors, required for the inhibition of GSK3-β and stabilisation of β-catenin in malignant B cells. (Right) In addition, up-regulated N-cadherin in CLL cells interacts with β-catenin and further contributes to its stabilisation. This figure was partly produced using the Smart Servier Medical Art, available from https://smart.servier.com/image-set-download/ and licensed under a Creative Common Attribution 3.0 Generic License. http://smart.servier.com/