Table 3.

Parameters used in the baseline stump models.

Parameter	Value	Reference
K cortical	0.0429 J/g	Derived by assuming levels of steady state stress and strain44
K trabecular	0.0125 J/g
K HO	0.0029 J/g
K soft tissue	0.0029 J/g
ρ cortical initial	1.7 g/cm3	65
ρ trabecular initial	0.8 g/cm3	65
ρ soft tissue initial	0.95 g/cm3	66, 67
ρ cortical range	1.2 < ρcortical ≤ 2.0 g/cm3	65
ρ trabecular range	0.1 < ρtrabecular ≤ 1.2 g/cm3	65
ρ HO range	0.1 < ρHO ≤ 2.2 g/cm3	44
ρMSC range	0.01 ≤ ρMSC ≤ 1
Relation between E (GPa) and ρcortical	E = −2.642 + 5.622ρ + 0.763ρ2 + 0.937ρ3	Relationships derived by collating a range of data and finding the mean trend44
Relation between E (GPa) and ρtrabecular	E = −0.07 + 1.575ρ + 0.762ρ2 + 1.241ρ3
Relation between E (GPa) and ρHO	E = −0.07 + 1.575ρ + 0.762ρ2 + 1.241ρ3
Esoft,tissue (KPa)	E = 0.04 + 124.41ε − 479.66ε2 + 2725.02ε3
Eskin (KPa)	8000	68– 70
Esocket (MPa)	15000	34
Eliner (MPa)	1	32
v bone	0.3	65
v soft, tissue	0.47	37
v skin	0.475	71
v socket	0.3	34
v liner	0.49	Modelled as incompressible
Lazy zone span femur	10%
Lazy zone span HO	0%
Sensor influence factor D	0.35 cm	41
Time constant Δt	1	41