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. 2018 Sep 21;8:14163. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-32224-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Interruptions in motor planning due to targets and distracters. (a) The double-step paradigm used by Buonocore et al.³⁹. Participants were instructed to make a saccade (blue arrow) to the target (filled circle) as soon as it appeared. In one half of the trials the target did not change (not shown); in the other half it stepped to the opposite location after a delay (SOA). The PT in each trial is equal to RT − SOA. (b) Performance of one participant in the double-step task. Saccade landing points are arranged by PT (black dots, 240 trials, right y axis; data redrawn from ref.³⁹, experiment 1, participant 3). Targets were located at ±6°. The direction transition function (blue trace, left y axis) is a running histogram (bin size = 81 ms) of the proportion of correct saccades toward the stepped target as a function of PT. We computed it based on the shown saccade landing points. (c) PT distributions in double-step (black trace) and distracter-step (pink trace) blocks performed by the same participant (data redrawn from ref.³⁹, experiment 1, participant 3). In distracter-step blocks, participants were instructed to always make a saccade to the first target, ignoring the step. (d) Motor plans toward initial (black traces) and stepped (blue traces) target locations in 3 simulated double-step trials. A fast error (left), a correct saccade (middle), and a slow error or lapse (right) are shown. Shades indicate mean interruption interval. Triangles mark saccade onset. (e) Simulated double-step responses (black dots; similar number of trials as in (b)) and direction transition function (blue trace; based on 20,000 trials). Correct and incorrect simulated saccades were assigned to ±6° landing points with additional random scatter. (f) PT distributions in double-step (black trace) and distracter-step (pink trace) simulated trials. For all data the SOA was constant at 120 ms.