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. 2018 Sep 25;4:58. doi: 10.1038/s41421-018-0062-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic of the experimental process and procedures for several metabolic surgeries. b Time-dependent body weight changes of rats that underwent the indicated surgeries (n = 7). c Plasma fasting and glucose-stimulated insulin levels of rats that underwent the indicated surgeries (n = 8). d Food intake of rats that underwent different surgeries (n = 7). e Amounts of carbohydrates, fat, protein and total nutrients absorbed by rats that underwent the indicated surgeries, analyzed based on input (food) and output (feces) (n = 6). f Proportion of absorbed nutrients in rats that underwent the indicated surgeries (n = 6). Values are shown as the mean ± s.e.m. Significance was calculated using repeated-measures analysis (b) and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis (d) and two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc analysis (c, e). *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared with the pre-surgery body weight in b and the sham group in c–e