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. 2018 Sep 24;9(10):989. doi: 10.1038/s41419-018-1047-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — FSD13 exhibits superior effects than wild-type IL-2 on activation of effector CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, and NK cells. FSD13 has a greater ability than wild-type IL-2 in inducing IFN-γ production, which activates CD8⁺ T cells. Treg cells limit the activity of CD8⁺ T cells and NK cells in killing tumor cells. FSD13 activates less Tregs than wild-type IL-2. Moreover, FSD13 is safer than wild-type IL-2 in the respect of inducing lesser organ toxicity