Table 2.
Regions that show activation changes across participants (n = 11) over the four test sessions during the early and late adaptation phases, respectively.
| Phase | Anatomic location | Brodmann’s area | Coordinates of peak | Cluster size (voxels) | Z score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Early adaptation | |||||
| Frontal | |||||
| L MFG (dPMC) | 8/10 | −28, 22, 42/−34, 44, 16/ | 38/56 | 4.25/4.07/ | |
| −28, 46, 30/−26, 52, −2 | 16/350 | 4.00/4.37 | |||
| L SMA | 6 | −6, −14, 56 | 988 | 4.27 | |
| L PCG | 32 | −14, 48, 0 | 350 | 4.57 | |
| L preCG | 4/6 | −42, −14, 40/−6, −20,50 | 240/988 | 4.70/4.06 | |
| L postCG | 5 | −16, −34, 54 | 27 | 3.46 | |
| R PCG | 10 | 4, 54, 0 | 39 | 3.75 | |
| R postCG | 5 | 14, −32, 56 | 27 | 3.63 | |
| L operculum | 4 | −42, −14, 40/−46, −18, 24 | 240 | 4.70/4.23 | |
| Parietal | |||||
| L precuneus | 7 | −10, −68, 38 | 256 | 3.87 | |
| L operculum | 13 | −32, −26, 22 | 79 | 4.13 | |
| R precuneus | 31 | 2, −66, 36 | 256 | 3.82 | |
| R angular gyrus | 39/40 | 46, −50, 28/ 58, −52, 22 | 127 | 4.26/3.46 | |
| Cingulate | |||||
| L dACC | 32 | −12, 34, 18 | 34 | 3.77 | |
| L pCG* | 31 | −16, −42, 34 | 988 | 5.12 | |
| R rACC | 32 | 10, 32, 8 | 47 | 4.02 | |
| R dACC * | 8 | 2, 22, 34 | 335 | 4.81 | |
| R pCG | 23/31 | 16, −46, 30/10, −28, 42 | 51/988 | 4.32/3.67 | |
| Temporal | |||||
| L PT | 41 | −48, −28, 4 | 16 | 3.55 | |
| R PT | 41 | 54, −20, 4 | 111 | 4.7 | |
| R STG | 22 | 60, −16, −6 | 111 | 4.14 | |
| Occipital | |||||
| L OFG | 18 /19 | −24, −80, −4/−32, −64, −4 | 12/34 | 3.50/3.76 | |
| L LOC | 39/19 | −36, −66, 32/−44, −62, 18 | 71/60 | 4.00/3.79 | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| L thalamus | −8, −2, 6 | 70 | 3.84 | ||
| L hippocampus | −20, −30, −8 | 36 | 3.68 | ||
| R thalamus | 4, −2, 10 | 70 | 3.67 | ||
| R putamen | 26, 12, −2 | 15 | 3.48 | ||
| Cerebellum | |||||
| Vermis VIIIa* | −5, −57, −30 | 1183 | 4.7 | ||
| L Lobule V | −23, −46, −15/−21, −42, −15 | 109 | 3.67/3.53 | ||
| L Crus I | −8, −82, −19 | 6 | 3.39 | ||
| L Crus II↓ | −32, −60, −44 | 12 | 3.45 | ||
| Late adaptation | |||||
| Frontal | |||||
| L MFG | 9/6/8 | −26, 22, 30/−26, 4, 42 | 49/34 | 4.33/4.13 | |
| L PCG | 8 | −2, 28, 42 | 85 | 4.19 | |
| L SFG | 6 | −16, 20, 54/−22, 12, 54 | 74 | 4.13/3.62 | |
| R MFG | 8/10 | 32, 0, 40/28, 42, 12 | 39/71 | 4.17/4.05 | |
| R IFG | 44 | 56, 16, 20 | 12 | 3.49 | |
| Parietal | |||||
| L SMG | 40 | −44, −48, 54/−62, −34, 32 | 152/11 | 3.97/3.50 | |
| L angular gyrus | 39/40 | −38, −56, 48/−42, −52, 52 | 152 | 3.92/3.75 | |
| Subcortical | |||||
| L thalamus↑ | 0, −16, 2 | 36 | 4.16 | ||
All regions listed for the early adaptation phase showed increases in activation, with the exception of L cerebellum crus II. All regions listed for the late adaptation phase showed decreases in activation, except for the left thalamus. MFG = middle frontal gyrus; SMA = supplementary motor area; PCG = paracingulate gyrus; preCG = precentral gyrus; postCG = postcentral gyrus; dACC = dorsal anterior cingulate cortex; pCG = posterior cingulate gyrus; rACC = rostral anterior cingulate cortex; PT = planum temporale; STG = superior temporal gyrus; OFG = occipital fusiform gyrus; dPMC = dorsal premotor cortex; LOC = lateral occipital cortex; SFG = superior frontal gyrus; IFG = inferior frontal gyrus; SMG = supramarginal gyrus.
*=remained significant at FWE-corrected p < 0.05.