Figure 2.

Effects of elderflower extracts, constituents and metabolites on glucose uptake in human myotubes. Myotubes were treated with (A) 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL of different crude extracts; (B,C) 0.1, 1 and 10 µM of elderflower phenolic compounds and metabolites for 2 days. Thereafter, the cells were exposed to [¹⁴C(U)]-glucose (1 μCi/mL, 100 μM) for 4 h as described in the Materials and Methods section. 22-S-hydroxycholesterol (22-SHC) (10 μM) was used as positive control. The figures show [¹⁴C(U)]-glucose uptake given as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 3) from separate experiments. * p < 0.05 vs. control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)).