Table 1.
Demographics of study populations.
| Characteristics | Normal (n = 10) | HFpEF (n = 10) | HFrEF (n = 10) | HFpEF versus HFrEF§ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 52.1 ± 12.7 | 52.4 ± 12.5 | 52.7 ± 11.6 | NS |
| Gender (F/M) | 2/8 | 2/8 | 2/8 | NS |
| Height (cm) | 167.9 ± 8.6 | 164.1 ± 7.4 | 167.3 ± 10.8 | NS |
| Weight (kg) | 69.7 ± 11.4 | 76.5 ± 16.7 | 86.2 ± 22.2* | NS |
| BSA (m2) | 1.79 ± 0.18 | 1.85 ± 0.23 | 1.97 ± 0.30 | NS |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.7 ± 11.6 | 136.1 ± 34.1 | 124.2 ± 19.6 | NS |
| DBP(mmHg) | 81 ± 9.37 | 75.7 ± 25.8 | 71.9 ± 13.1 | NS |
| LVEF (%) | 65 ± 6 | 53 ± 7* | 25 ± 9* | <0.05 |
| LVEDV index (ml/m2) | 71.0 ± 12.8 | 89.7 ± 17.0* | 148.3 ± 53.1* | <0.05 |
| LVESV index (ml/m2) | 25.0 ± 6.6 | 43.1 ± 13.2* | 114.0 ± 50.0* | <0.05 |
| LVSV index (ml/m2) | 46.1 ± 8.7 | 46.7 ± 7.4 | 34.3 ± 13.1 | 0.053 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 47.8 ± 6.6 | 69.1 ± 19.5* | 79.3 ± 27.2* | NS |
| RVEF (%) | 56 ± 6 | 57 ± 7 | 40 ± 12* | <0.05 |
| RVEDV index (ml/m2) | 79.5 ± 15.2 | 76.1 ± 16.7 | 89.6 ± 29.9 | NS |
| RVESV index (ml/m2) | 35.7 ± 9.4 | 33.1 ± 9.6 | 54.8 ± 26.3* | <0.05 |
| RVSV index (g/m2) | 43.7 ± 7.2 | 43.3 ± 9.7 | 34.7 ± 13.3 | NS |
| Pulse (BPM) | 72 ± 10 | 58 ± 10 | 83 ± 24 | <0.05 |
| NYHA (I), n (%) | N.A | 3 (30) | 4 (30) | NS |
| NYHA (II), n (%) | N.A | 5 (50) | 4 (30) | NS |
| NYHA (III), n (%) | N.A | 1 (10) | 2 (20) | NS |
| NYHA (IV), n (%) | N.A | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Atrial flutter/fibrillation, n (%) | N.A | 2 (20) | 1 (10) | NS |
| Cancer within last five years, n (%) | N.A | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Chronic renal insufficiency, n (%) | N.A | 2 (20) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Current smoker, n (%) | N.A | 4 (40) | 1 (10) | NS |
| Depression, n (%) | N.A | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Diabetes, n (%) | N.A | 3 (30) | 6 (60) | NS |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | N.A | 7 (70) | 5 (50) | NS |
| Hypertension, n (%) | N.A | 8 (80) | 5 (50) | NS |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | N.A | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | N.A | 1 (10) | 0 (0) | NS |
| Stroke, n (%) | N.A | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | NS |
| NTproBNP | N.A | 2667.2 ± 2519.6 | 921.6 ± 837.7 | <0.05 |
Data are mean ± SD. BSA, body surface area; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LV, left ventricular; EF, ejection fraction; EDV, end-diastolic volume; ESV, end-systolic volume; SV, stroke volume; RV, right ventricular; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced EF; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved EF; NYHA, New York Heart Association; NTproBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide. § Wilcoxon rank-sum test. ∗Statistically significant difference between HFpEF vs normal controls, HFrEF vs normal controls, Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p < 0.05).