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. 2018 Sep 19;9:394. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00394

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Copyright © 2018 Yu, Ma, Wu, Zhai and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolism of α-KG. α-KG is synthesized from the TCA cycle or transamination of glutamate derived from glutamine. α-KG can be metabolized to succinate and fumarate in the TCA cycle. Succinate and fumarate are competitive inhibitors of α-KG-dependent demethylases. α-KG can also be converted to 2-HG by mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2). 2-HG is a competitive inhibitor of α-KG-dependent demethylases. α-KG, α-ketoglutarate; 2-HG, 2-hydroxyglutarate; Mut IDH1/2, mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2.