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. 2018 Sep 19;9:394. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00394

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Copyright © 2018 Yu, Ma, Wu, Zhai and Li.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Metabolism of NAD⁺. Sirtuins consume NAD⁺ and produce nicotinamide (NAM). NAM is recycled to produce NAD⁺ by the NAD⁺ salvage pathway. In the NAD⁺ salvage pathway, NAM is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), and NMN is then converted to NAD⁺ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases (NMNATs). AMPK is required for NAMPT expression and thus controls intracellular NAD⁺. NAM, nicotinamide; NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; NMNATs, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferases; PRPP, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate.