Table 1.
Descriptive and clinical characteristic of Parkinson’s disease and healthy control groups.
| Parkinson’s Disease | Healthy Controls | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 31 | 30 | — |
| Age (years) | 64.74 ± 7.76 | 63.57 ± 8.09 | 0.565 |
| Gender (m/f) | 18/13 | 15/15 | 0.611 |
| Education (years) | 14.10 ± 2.95 | 14.90 ± 3.56 | 0.353 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.09 ± 4.65 | 26.88 ± 4.47 | 0.133 |
| Disease duration (years) | 11.19 ± 3.56 | — | — |
| Levodopa duration (years) | 8.28 ± 4.44 | — | — |
| Levodopa equivalent dose (mg) | 1371.79 ± 657.78 | — | — |
| Levodopa complication duration (years) | 4.27 ± 2.64 | — | — |
| Dyskinesia (yes/no) | 20/11 | — | — |
| Akinesia (yes/no) | 8/23 | — | — |
| OFF Freezing (yes/no) | 10/21 | — | — |
| Scan Order (ON-OFF/OFF-ON) | 16/15 | — | — |
| UPDRS-III OFF | 30.9 ± 10.16 | — | <0.001* |
| UPDRS-III ON | 14.74 ± 7.46 | — | |
| UPDRS-III Change | 16.16 ± 6.96 | — | — |
*Significat p-value for the difference in UPDRS-III scores between ON and OFF conditions.