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. 2018 Sep 19;6:126. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00126

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Copyright © 2018 Ramasamy, Avci, Dorow, Chong, Gizzi, Steidle, Schick and Röhrle.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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FE analysis of bipedal stance. Shown here are the results of the FE analysis (in the anterior-medial viewing direction) for the three cases discussed above. (A,B) Show the Von Mises stresses in the residual limb muscles after the 2-h bipedal stance, when analysing the individual-muscle model of the residual limb with the original and misfitted sockets, respectively, while (D,E) Show damage in the skeletal muscles in the same period. (C,F) Show the Von Mises stresses and soft tissue damage, respectively, in the fused-muscle model of the residual limb. The stress legend is common for all three cases and was capped at 20 kPa for better illustrating the stress zones.