Fig. 3.

Dynamic force spectrum of the mechanical unfolding of the [4]rotaxane in DMF at 11 loading rates (from 6 × 10² to 4 × 10⁵ pN·s⁻¹). Each datum (n ≥ 150) is associated with its effective loading rate and its most probable rupture force (Fig. S1). As shown by the horizontal red line (F_eq = 108.1 ± 1.2 pN), the rupture force does not increase with the loading rate, establishing the near-equilibrium regime of the experiment.