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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Sleep Med. 2016 Jun 16;16(2):185–201. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2016.1180523

Table 1.

Demographics, sleep environment characteristics, and health status by study condition at baseline.


HUGS (n = 15)
Mean (SD) range or n (%)
Comparison (n = 12)
Mean (SD) range or n (%)

Age 25.13(5.28), 18–35 26.0(4.24), 18–32
Years of education completed 11.7(1.05), 9–13 12.7(2.02), 10–16
Marital Status
    Never married 11 (73) 9 (75)
    Married 2 (13) -
    Member of unmarried couple 2 (13) 1 (8)
    Separated - 1 (8)
    Divorced - 1 (8)
Ethnicity
    Hispanic/Latino 2 (13) 2 (25)
    Non-Hispanic/Latino 11 (73) 11 (67)
    Missing - 1 (8)
Race
    Black or African-American 11 (73) 8 (67)
    White or Caucasian 2 (13) 1 (8)
    Missing 2 (13) 3 (25)
Annual household income
    $0 to $4,999 4 (27) 2 (17)
    $5,000 to $14,999 3 (20) 3 (25)
    $15,000 to $34,999 2 (13) 3 (25)
    ≥$35,000 - 1 (8)
    Not sure/Don’t know 6 (40) 3 (25)
Type of birth
    Cesarean Section 1 (7) 3 (25)
    Vaginal 14 (93) 9 (75)
Infant feeding method
    Formula 7 (47) 6 (50)
    Breast milk 5 (33) 1 (8)
    Formula and breast milk 3 (20) 5 (42)
Times given birth 2.9 (1.55), 1–7 2.8 (1.29), 1–5
    Primiparous 2 (13) 3 (25)
    Multiparous 13 (87) 9 (75)
WIC (Women, Infants and Children)
    Yes 15 (100%) 10 (83)
    No - 2 (17)
Food Stamps
    Yes 14 (93) 9 (75)
    No 1 (7) 3 (25)
Sleep location most nights
    Bed 12 (80) 8 (67)
    Couch 2 (13) 2 (17)
    Floor 1 (7) 1 (8)
    Other - 1 (8)
    TV in bedroom 12 (80) 10 (83)
    No TV in bedroom 3 (20) 2 (17)
TV on at sleep onset:
    All the night 4 (27) 1 (8)
    Part of the night 5 (33) 5 (42)
    I never go to sleep with the TV on 5 (33) 4 (33)
Sleep with a fan on:
    All the night 2 (13) 3 (25)
    Part of the night 1 (7) 1 (8)
    I never go to sleep with a fan on 12 (80) 8 (67)
Sounds or noises at night wake you
    Yes 13 (87) 12 (100)
    No 2 (13) -
Overall my health is:
    Excellent 2 (13) 2 (17)
    Good 8 (53) 8 (67)
    Fair 8 (53) 2 (17)
    Poor - -