Table 2.
Household (HH) features, and grandparent (GP) and grandchild characteristics, grandparent households (either three- or skipped-generation), weighted percentages
(Source: IPUMS-International (Minnesota Population Center 2017) and ONS LS)
| Country | GP HH type | Year | Household headship | Household composition | Grandparent(s) in household | Age of youngest grandparent | Number of grandchildren | Age of youngest grandchild | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GP | Parent | GPs and grandchildren only | Other(s) present | GM only | GF only | GM and GF | < 50 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70+ | 1 | 2 | 3 or more | 0–5 | 6–17 | |||
| Austria | Three-generational | 1981 | 40.6 | 59.4 | 48.9 | 10.2 | 40.9 | 10.9 | 22.2 | 26.0 | 40.8 | 48.7 | 29.0 | 22.3 | 49.9 | 50.1 | ||
| 1991 | 50.2 | 49.8 | 42.0 | 9.5 | 48.4 | 13.9 | 25.2 | 30.3 | 30.6 | 55.4 | 29.2 | 15.4 | 55.5 | 44.5 | ||||
| 2001 | 39.8 | 60.2 | 40.2 | 11.5 | 48.4 | 12.1 | 23.0 | 30.4 | 34.6 | 53.1 | 34.0 | 13.0 | 51.1 | 48.9 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1981 | 84.9 | 15.2 | 44.0 | 4.2 | 51.8 | 6.5 | 32.8 | 37.6 | 23.1 | 86.7 | 11.0 | 2.3 | 13.5 | 86.6 | |||
| 1991 | 80.5 | 19.5 | 43.3 | 6.1 | 50.6 | 8.0 | 30.5 | 34.8 | 26.8 | 87.9 | 10.1 | 2.0 | 26.2 | 73.8 | ||||
| 2001 | 87.6 | 12.4 | 35.7 | 6.9 | 57.4 | 7.1 | 32.9 | 38.4 | 21.6 | 87.1 | 11.6 | 1.3 | 13.5 | 86.5 | ||||
| England and Wales | Three-generational | 1981 | 66.4 | 33.6 | 45.1 | 14.3 | 40.6 | 17.5 | 23.2 | 22.1 | 37.2 | 63.5 | 25.8 | 10.7 | 43.6 | 56.4 | ||
| 1991 | 75.1 | 24.9 | 39.8 | 10.9 | 49.4 | 26.2 | 27.1 | 21.1 | 25.7 | 68.1 | 23.2 | 8.8 | 60.5 | 39.5 | ||||
| 2001 | 63.9 | 36.1 | 34.0 | 10.6 | 55.4 | 26.5 | 24.8 | 19.6 | 29.0 | 70.0 | 21.7 | 8.3 | 49.7 | 50.3 | ||||
| 2011 | 66.5 | 33.5 | 33.9 | 6.2 | 59.8 | 23.3 | 29.6 | 19.9 | 27.2 | 66.8 | 24.3 | 8.9 | 56.1 | 43.9 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1981 | 84.6 | 15.5 | 35.2 | a | 61.8 | 7.1 | 37.3 | 43.1 | 12.4 | 86.7 | a | a | 8.2 | 91.9 | |||
| 1991 | 86.7 | 13.3 | 36.3 | 4.6 | 59.2 | 13.7 | 36.6 | 39.7 | 10.1 | 87.5 | a | a | 15.8 | 84.2 | ||||
| 2001 | 86.7 | 13.3 | 33.1 | 4.6 | 62.2 | 13.4 | 41.6 | 34.2 | 10.7 | 82.0 | 13.3 | 4.6 | 18.0 | 82.0 | ||||
| 2011 | 81.3 | 18.7 | 40.4 | 4.7 | 54.9 | 11.6 | 37.9 | 36.1 | 14.5 | 78.6 | 16.7 | 4.7 | 20.3 | 79.7 | ||||
| France | Three-generational | 1982 | 22.6 | 77.4 | 54.6 | 12.9 | 32.5 | 8.0 | 19.6 | 24.2 | 48.2 | 53.4 | 30.1 | 16.6 | 37.5 | 62.5 | ||
| 1990 | 29.7 | 70.3 | 50.1 | 11.6 | 38.3 | 11.7 | 22.7 | 29.4 | 36.2 | 59.7 | 27.2 | 13.2 | 46.0 | 54.0 | ||||
| 1999 | 30.1 | 69.9 | 49.6 | 11.1 | 39.3 | 12.9 | 23.7 | 28.6 | 34.8 | 61.2 | 27.4 | 11.4 | 51.2 | 48.9 | ||||
| 2011 | 32.9 | 67.1 | 49.2 | 10.9 | 39.9 | 10.9 | 27.5 | 29.6 | 32.0 | 60.4 | 28.1 | 11.5 | 56.7 | 43.3 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1982 | 87.5 | 12.5 | 30.3 | 2.1 | 67.6 | 6.0 | 38.7 | 37.7 | 17.7 | 84.8 | 12.1 | 3.2 | 12.6 | 87.4 | |||
| 1990 | 87.7 | 12.3 | 26.7 | 1.9 | 71.4 | 8.5 | 30.9 | 46.7 | 13.9 | 85.0 | 12.4 | 2.6 | 14.6 | 85.4 | ||||
| 1999 | 87.9 | 12.1 | 32.7 | 2.9 | 64.4 | 6.7 | 28.1 | 46.1 | 19.1 | 83.7 | 13.7 | 2.7 | 11.7 | 88.3 | ||||
| 2011 | 76.5 | 23.5 | 32.8 | 5.2 | 62.1 | 3.7 | 8.4 | 35.1 | 52.8 | 88.0 | 10.4 | 1.6 | 19.6 | 80.4 | ||||
| Greece | Three-generational | 1981 | 29.0 | 71.0 | 52.3 | 10.4 | 37.3 | 4.5 | 16.4 | 30.8 | 48.4 | 34.9 | 46.7 | 18.5 | 48.9 | 51.1 | ||
| 1991 | 33.5 | 66.5 | 49.5 | 10.6 | 39.9 | 3.7 | 17.9 | 32.1 | 46.3 | 39.6 | 45.2 | 15.3 | 41.0 | 59.0 | ||||
| 2001 | 39.4 | 60.6 | 48.2 | 9.7 | 42.2 | 5.2 | 17.3 | 36.8 | 40.7 | 47.4 | 40.4 | 12.2 | 43.3 | 56.7 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1981 | 86.3 | 13.7 | 27.9 | 2.4 | 69.7 | 9.3 | 36.6 | 36.7 | 17.4 | 73.4 | 23.0 | 3.6 | 38.1 | 61.9 | |||
| 1991 | 84.8 | 15.2 | 25.6 | 4.4 | 70.1 | 8.0 | 38.2 | 36.9 | 16.9 | 72.0 | 22.5 | 5.5 | 38.6 | 61.4 | ||||
| 2001 | 65.6 | 34.4 | 29.5 | 5.8 | 64.7 | 7.1 | 27.4 | 43.3 | 22.2 | 72.9 | 21.5 | 5.6 | 38.5 | 61.5 | ||||
| Portugal | Three-generational | 1981 | 67.5 | 32.5 | 38.6 | 10.0 | 51.4 | 14.7 | 29.5 | 27.6 | 28.2 | 55.6 | 29.6 | 14.9 | 63.2 | 36.8 | ||
| 1991 | 55.5 | 44.5 | 47.3 | 10.7 | 41.9 | 9.1 | 23.8 | 32.4 | 34.7 | 56.7 | 32.0 | 11.3 | 46.7 | 53.3 | ||||
| 2001 | 63.1 | 36.9 | 46.4 | 9.9 | 43.7 | 10.6 | 21.7 | 31.9 | 35.8 | 66.2 | 27.1 | 6.6 | 47.5 | 52.5 | ||||
| 2011 | 70.3 | 29.7 | 43.9 | 8.4 | 47.7 | 11.3 | 26.2 | 28.0 | 34.6 | 69.4 | 25.3 | 5.3 | 46.1 | 53.9 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1981 | 75.5 | 24.5 | 35.8 | 2.9 | 61.3 | 5.4 | 32.0 | 41.7 | 20.9 | 75.7 | 19.3 | 5.0 | 27.7 | 72.3 | |||
| 1991 | 79.1 | 20.9 | 31.4 | 3.8 | 64.8 | 5.8 | 28.4 | 44.8 | 21.0 | 80.4 | 16.1 | 3.6 | 23.0 | 77.0 | ||||
| 2001 | 75.9 | 24.1 | 35.4 | 2.1 | 62.5 | 6.1 | 29.4 | 41.3 | 23.2 | 81.1 | 13.9 | 5.0 | 21.5 | 78.5 | ||||
| 2011 | 72.3 | 27.7 | 32.1 | 2.6 | 65.3 | 5.0 | 29.4 | 40.2 | 25.4 | 81.3 | 16.2 | 2.5 | 21.3 | 78.7 | ||||
| Romania | Three-generational | 1977 | 45.0 | 55.0 | 46.5 | 8.8 | 44.8 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 33.3 | 26.7 | 50.0 | 34.0 | 16.0 | 59.5 | 40.5 | ||
| 1992 | 74.5 | 25.5 | 39.6 | 8.1 | 52.3 | 15.9 | 32.2 | 30.2 | 21.7 | 53.5 | 31.2 | 15.4 | 59.1 | 40.9 | ||||
| 2002 | 80.7 | 19.3 | 41.2 | 8.9 | 49.9 | 13.9 | 30.6 | 34.8 | 20.8 | 61.1 | 30.3 | 8.6 | 50.1 | 49.9 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1977 | 86.3 | 13.7 | 22.8 | 3.0 | 74.2 | 21.8 | 38.4 | 31.4 | 8.4 | 86.1 | 11.8 | 2.1 | 46.0 | 54.0 | |||
| 1992 | 87.4 | 12.6 | 26.9 | 2.9 | 70.2 | 9.7 | 41.0 | 38.8 | 10.5 | 82.9 | 14.3 | 2.9 | 29.6 | 70.4 | ||||
| 2002 | 87.4 | 12.6 | 32.5 | 3.5 | 64.0 | 10.1 | 37.2 | 38.9 | 13.8 | 82.9 | 14.6 | 2.5 | 20.8 | 79.2 | ||||
| USA | Three-generational | 1980 | 61.8 | 38.2 | 51.9 | 10.2 | 37.9 | 24.4 | 28.9 | 24.3 | 22.3 | 56.0 | 28.2 | 15.9 | 54.8 | 45.2 | ||
| 1990 | 72.0 | 28.0 | 49.2 | 8.6 | 42.3 | 27.8 | 29.9 | 25.3 | 17.0 | 57.2 | 27.8 | 15.0 | 59.1 | 40.9 | ||||
| 2000 | 67.8 | 32.2 | 49.1 | 10.1 | 40.8 | 27.6 | 29.2 | 23.5 | 19.8 | 56.5 | 28.6 | 14.9 | 57.1 | 42.9 | ||||
| 2010 | 67.3 | 32.7 | 47.3 | 10.0 | 42.7 | 23.2 | 32.9 | 26.1 | 17.9 | 54.8 | 29.7 | 15.6 | 58.3 | 41.7 | ||||
| Skipped-generational | 1980 | 77.1 | 22.9 | 37.8 | 4.1 | 58.1 | 13.7 | 37.6 | 34.5 | 14.3 | 75.3 | 17.3 | 7.4 | 20.4 | 79.6 | |||
| 1990 | 75.0 | 25.0 | 41.7 | 4.0 | 54.3 | 18.4 | 36.8 | 30.7 | 14.2 | 74.4 | 18.1 | 7.5 | 26.4 | 73.6 | ||||
| 2000 | 76.9 | 23.1 | 41.5 | 4.8 | 53.7 | 19.3 | 39.6 | 27.8 | 13.2 | 72.5 | 19.0 | 8.6 | 24.3 | 75.8 | ||||
| 2010 | 73.3 | 26.7 | 42.4 | 5.9 | 51.7 | 17.0 | 37.8 | 31.2 | 14.0 | 70.1 | 21.0 | 8.9 | 28.4 | 71.7 | ||||
Italicised percentages are not significant. All other percentages are significant at p < 0.01
aPercentage withheld by Office for National Statistics because small cell counts offer risk of disclosure