. 2018 May 23;15(3):237–250. doi: 10.1007/s10433-018-0474-3

Table 3.

Multinomial logit regressions of being aged 40 or over and living with a grandchild in (1) a three-generation or (2) a skipped-generation household: Austria, England and Wales, France, Greece, Portugal, Romania and US up to ~2001 only

(Source: IPUMS-International (Minnesota Population Center 2017) and ONS LS)

	HH type	Austria	England and Wales	France	Greece	Portugal	Romania	US
	HH type	Odds ratio	Odds ratio	Odds ratio	Odds ratio	Odds ratio	Odds ratio	Odds ratio
Sex (female)^a	Three	0.89	0.93	1.10	1.12	1.07	1.08	1.36
Sex (female)^a	Skipped	1.12	1.14	1.12	1.12	1.19	1.19	1.39
Age	Three	1.28	1.21	1.26	1.51	1.37	1.43	1.29
Age	Skipped	1.77	2.25	2.11	1.94	2.03	2.08	1.72
Age squared	Three	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
Age squared	Skipped	1.00	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	0.99	1.00
Marital status^b
Never married	Three	0.32	0.44	0.51	0.05	0.37	0.45	0.58
Never married	Skipped	0.31	0.16	0.19	0.05	0.27	0.34	0.46
Divorced/sep.	Three	0.98	1.49	1.30	1.00	1.23	0.89	1.41
Divorced/sep.	Skipped	0.82	0.95	0.54	0.61	0.70	0.53	0.91
Widowed	Three	1.66	3.18	2.59	2.06	2.37	1.74	1.96
Widowed	Skipped	0.88	0.86	0.75	0.82	0.98	0.71	0.93
Educational^c
Less than primary education	Three	Na	na	4.80	5.88	5.04	3.21	5.95
Less than primary education	Skipped	Na	na	2.77	3.96	4.00	1.89	6.81
Primary	Three	6.01	2.92	2.52	3.91	2.60	2.62	3.59
Primary	Skipped	2.18	2.27	1.83	2.63	2.05	1.67	4.49
Secondary	Three	2.48	1.50	1.65	1.43	1.63	1.56	2.25
Secondary	Skipped	1.76	1.85	1.27	1.17	1.50	1.35	2.52
Employment^d
Unemployed	Three	1.15	1.38	1.63	1.09	1.19	1.27	1.22
Unemployed	Skipped	1.25	1.34	1.67	0.94	1.01	0.87	1.21
Not active	Three	1.07	1.24	1.38	1.18	1.16	1.24	1.14
Not active	Skipped	1.33	1.75	1.56	1.14	1.17	1.34	1.12
Born abroad^e	Three	1.82	4.19	1.97	2.20	1.81	0.98	2.42
Born abroad^e	Skipped	1.22	1.03	0.83	1.30	1.75	0.98	0.59
Not owned dwelling^f	Three	0.22	0.87	0.71	0.85	0.98	0.63	1.00
Not owned dwelling^f	Skipped	1.60	2.15	1.55	0.80	1.54	0.90	1.38
Census year^g
1990s	Three	0.86	0.87	1.00	0.64	1.35	1.07	0.97
1990s	Skipped	0.79	1.15	1.36	0.58	1.12	1.26	0.98
2000s	Three	0.63	0.36	0.79	0.40	1.01	1.26	1.14
2000s	Skipped	0.46	1.64	0.92	0.50	0.81	0.73	1.40

Italicised coefficients are not significant. All other coefficients at p < 0.01

Reference categories are: (1) male^a; (2) married or cohabiting^b; (3) university education^c; (4) employed^d; (5) native born^e; (6) owned dwelling^f; and (7) 1980s^g