Table 2.
Estimated coefficients from linear regression models on life satisfaction, by gender (robust standard errors in parentheses)
| Explanatory variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women | ||||||||||
| Education | 0.34*** (0.02) |
0.35*** (0.02) |
0.33*** (0.04) |
0.36*** (0.02) |
0.33*** (0.05) |
0.37*** (0.03) |
0.33*** (0.05) |
|||
| Grandparent (ref.: not) | 0.06*** (0.01) |
0.07*** (0.01) |
0.07*** (0.02) |
|||||||
| Education * grandparent | 0.03 (0.04) |
|||||||||
| 1–2 grandchildren (ref.: 0) | 0.03* (0.02) |
0.05*** (0.02) |
0.05** (0.02) |
|||||||
| 3+ grandchildren | 0.09*** (0.02) |
0.12*** (0.02) |
0.11*** (0.02) |
|||||||
| Education * 1–2 grandchildren | − 0.02 (0.06) |
|||||||||
| Education * 3+ grandchildren | 0.07 (0.06) |
|||||||||
| Grandparent no care (ref.: grandchildless) | − 0.07*** (0.02) |
− 0.04* (0.02) |
− 0.04* (0.02) |
|||||||
| Not intensive care | 0.09*** (0.02) |
0.11*** (0.02) |
0.10*** (0.03) |
|||||||
| Intensive care | 0.15*** (0.02) |
0.17*** (0.02) |
0.16*** (0.02) |
|||||||
| Education * grandparent, no care | 0.03 (0.06) |
|||||||||
| Education * not intensive care | 0.06 (0.07) |
|||||||||
| Education * intensive care | 0.07 (0.07) |
|||||||||
| N | 105,7577 | 105,757 | 105,757 | 105,757 | 105,757 | 105,757 | 105,757 | 85,576 | 85,576 | 85,576 |
| Men | ||||||||||
| Education | 0.27*** (0.02) |
0.28*** (0.02) |
0.24*** (0.04) |
0.28*** (0.03) |
0.24*** (0.04) |
0.30*** (0.03) |
0.24*** (0.04) |
|||
| Grandparent (ref.: not) | 0.06*** (0.01) |
0.07*** (0.01) |
0.06*** (0.02) |
|||||||
| Education * grandparent | 0.06 (0.05) |
|||||||||
| 1–2 grandchildren (ref.: 0) | 0.04** (0.02) |
0.05*** (0.02) |
0.04* (0.02) |
|||||||
| 3+ grandchildren | 0.09*** (0.02) |
0.10*** (0.02) |
0.09*** (0.02) |
|||||||
| Education * 1–2 grandchildren | 0.04 (0.06) |
|||||||||
| Education * 3+ grandchildren | 0.07 (0.06) |
|||||||||
| Grandparent no care (ref.: grandchildless) |
− 0.04* (0.02) |
− 0.02 (0.02) |
− 0.05** (0.03) |
|||||||
| Not intensive care | 0.09*** (0.02) |
0.10*** (0.02) |
0.11*** (0.03) |
|||||||
| Intensive care | 0.10*** (0.02) |
0.11*** (0.02) |
0.09*** (0.03) |
|||||||
| Education * grandparent, no care | 0.17** (0.07) |
|||||||||
| Education * not intensive care | − 0.06 (0.08) |
|||||||||
| Education * intensive care | 0.09 (0.08) |
|||||||||
| N | 83,427 | 83,427 | 83,427 | 83,427 | 83,427 | 83,427 | 83,427 | 62,346 | 62,346 | 62,346 |
All the models control for age, marital status, employment status, number of children, whether the respondent lives in a rural area; whether the respondent has any long-standing illnesses; GALI; country and survey waves
*p < 0.5; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Full estimates available in supplementary tables S.1 and S.2